pythonwhat¶

For an introduction to SCTs and how they use pythonwhat, visit the README.

This documentation features:

A glossary with typical use-cases and corresponding SCT constructs.
Reference documentation of all actively maintained pythonwhat functions.
A set of basic and advanced articles that gradually expose you to all of pythonwhat’s functionality and best practices.

If you are new to writing SCTs for Python exercises, start with the tutorial and work your way through the other basic articles. The glossary is good to get a quick overview of how all functions play together after you have a basic understanding. The reference docs become useful when you grasp all concepts and want to look up details on how to call certain functions and specify custom feedback messages.

Glossary¶

This article lists some example solutions. For each of these solutions, an SCT is included, as well as some example student submissions that would pass and fail. In all of these, a submission that is identical to the solution will pass.

Note

These SCT examples are not golden bullets that are perfect for your situation. Depending on the exercise, you may want to focus on certain parts of a statement, or be more accepting for different alternative answers.

Check object¶

# solution
x = 10

# sct
Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

# passing submissions
x = 5 + 5
x = 6 + 4
y = 4; x = y + 6

Check function call¶

# solution
import pandas as pd
pd.DataFrame([1, 2, 3], columns=['a'])

# sct
Ex().check_function('pandas.DataFrame')\
    .multi(
        check_args('data').has_equal_value(),
        check_args('columns').has_equal_value()
    )

# passing submissions
pd.DataFrame([1, 1+1, 3], columns=['a'])
pd.DataFrame(data=[1, 2, 3], columns=['a'])
pd.DataFrame(columns=['a'], data=[1, 2, 3])

Check pandas chain (1)¶

# solution
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame([1, 2, 3], columns=['a'])
df.a.sum()

# sct
Ex().check_function("df.a.sum").has_equal_value()

Check pandas chain (2)¶

# pec
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': ['x', 'x', 'y']})

# solution
df.groupby('b').sum()

# sct
sig = sig_from_obj("df.groupby('b').sum")
Ex().check_correct(
    # check if group by works
    check_function("df.groupby.sum", signature = sig).has_equal_value(),
    # check if group_by called correctly
    check_function("df.groupby").check_correct(
        has_equal_value(func = lambda x,y: x.keys == y.keys),
        check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

# passing submissions
df.groupby('b').sum()
df.groupby(['b']).sum()

# failing submissions
df               # Did you call df.groupby()?
df.groupby('a')  # arg of groupby is incorrect
df.groupby('b')  # did you call df.groupby.sum()?

Check pandas plotting¶

# pec
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(42)
df = pd.DataFrame({'val': np.random.rand(300) })

# solution
df.val.plot(kind='hist')
plt.title('my plot')
plt.show()
plt.clf()

# sct
Ex().check_or(
    multi(
        check_function('df.val.plot').check_args('kind').has_equal_value(),
        check_function('matplotlib.pyplot.title').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    ),
    override("df.val.plot(kind='hist', title='my plot')").check_function('df.val.plot').multi(
        check_args('kind').has_equal_value(),
        check_args('title').has_equal_value()
    ),
    override("df['val'].plot(kind = 'hist'); plt.title('my plot')").multi(
        check_function('df.plot').check_args('kind').has_equal_value(),
        check_function('matplotlib.pyplot.title').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    ),
    override("df['val'].plot(kind='hist', title='my plot')").check_function('df.plot').multi(
        check_args('kind').has_equal_value(),
        check_args('title').has_equal_value()
    )
)
Ex().check_function('matplotlib.pyplot.show')
Ex().check_function('matplotlib.pyplot.clf')

Check object created through function call¶

# pec
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

# solution
result = np.mean(arr)

# sct
Ex().check_correct(
    check_object("result").has_equal_value(),
    check_function("numpy.mean").check_args("a").has_equal_value()
)

# passing submissions
result = np.mean(arr)
result = np.sum(arr) / arr.size

Check DataFrame¶

# solution
import pandas as pd
my_df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})

# sct
Ex().check_df("my_df").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

# passing submissions
my_df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 1 + 1, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
my_df = pd.DataFrame({"b": [4, 5,  6], "a": [1, 2, 3]})

Check printout¶

# solution
x = 3
print(x)

# sct
Ex().has_printout(0)

# passing submissions
print(3)
print(1 + 1)
x = 4; print(x - 1)

Check output¶

# solution
print("This is weird stuff")

# sct
Ex().has_output(r"This is \w* stuff")

# passing submissions
print("This is weird stuff")
print("This is fancy stuff")
print("This is cool stuff")

# failing submissions
print("this is weird stuff")
print("Thisis weird stuff")

Check Multiple Choice¶

# solution (implicit)
# 3 is the correct answer

# sct
Ex().has_chosen(correct = 3, # 1-base indexed
                msgs = ["That's someone who makes soups.",
                        "That's a clown who likes burgers.",
                        "Correct! Head over to the next exercise!"])

Reference¶

Note

check_ functions typically ‘dive’ deeper into a part of the state it was passed. They are typically chained for further checking.
has_ functions always return the state that they were intially passed and are used at the ‘end’ of a chain.

Objects¶

check_object(state, index, missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None, typestr='variable')¶

Check object existence (and equality)

Check whether an object is defined in the student’s process, and zoom in on its value in both student and solution process to inspect quality (with has_equal_value().

In pythonbackend, both the student’s submission as well as the solution code are executed, in separate processes. check_object() looks at these processes and checks if the referenced object is available in the student process. Next, you can use has_equal_value() to check whether the objects in the student and solution process correspond.

Parameters:	index (str) – the name of the object which value has to be checked. missing_msg (str) – feedback message when the object is not defined in the student process. expand_msg (str) – If specified, this overrides any messages that are prepended by previous SCT chains.
Example:	Suppose you want the student to create a variable `x`, equal to 15: x = 15 The following SCT will verify this: Ex().check_object("x").has_equal_value() `check_object()` will check if the variable `x` is defined in the student process. `has_equal_value()` will check whether the value of `x` in the solution process is the same as in the student process. Note that `has_equal_value()` only looks at end result of a variable in the student process. In the example, how the object `x` came about in the student’s submission, does not matter. This means that all of the following submission will also pass the above SCT: x = 15 x = 12 + 3 x = 3; x += 12
Example:	As the previous example mentioned, `has_equal_value()` only looks at the end result. If your exercise is first initializing and object and further down the script is updating the object, you can only look at the final value! Suppose you want the student to initialize and populate a list my_list as follows: my_list = [] for i in range(20): if i % 3 == 0: my_list.append(i) There is no robust way to verify whether my_list = [0] was coded correctly in a separate way. The best SCT would look something like this: msg = "Have you correctly initialized `my_list`?" Ex().check_correct( check_object('my_list').has_equal_value(), multi( # check initialization: [] or list() check_or( has_equal_ast(code = "[]", incorrect_msg = msg), check_function('list') ), check_for_loop().multi( check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().check_if_else().multi( check_test().multi( set_context(2).has_equal_value(), set_context(3).has_equal_value() ), check_body().set_context(3).\ set_env(my_list = [0]).\ has_equal_value(name = 'my_list') ) ) ) ) `check_correct()` is used to robustly check whether `my_list` was built correctly. If `my_list` is not correct, both the initialization and the population code are checked.
Example:	Because checking object correctness incorrectly is such a common misconception, we’re adding another example: import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': [4, 5, 6]}) df['c'] = [7, 8, 9] The following SCT would be wrong, as it does not factor in the possibility that the ‘add column `c`’ step could’ve been wrong: Ex().check_correct( check_object('df').has_equal_value(), check_function('pandas.DataFrame').check_args(0).has_equal_value() ) The following SCT would be better, as it is specific to the steps: # verify the df = pd.DataFrame(...) step Ex().check_correct( check_df('df').multi( check_keys('a').has_equal_value(), check_keys('b').has_equal_value() ), check_function('pandas.DataFrame').check_args(0).has_equal_value() ) # verify the df['c'] = [...] step Ex().check_df('df').check_keys('c').has_equal_value()
Example:	pythonwhat compares the objects in the student and solution process with the `==` operator. For basic objects, this `==` is operator is properly implemented, so that the objects can be effectively compared. For more complex objects that are produced by third-party packages, however, it’s possible that this equality operator is not implemented in a way you’d expect. Often, for these object types the `==` will compare the actual object instances: # pre exercise code class Number(): def __init__(self, n): self.n = n # solution x = Number(1) # sct that won't work Ex().check_object().has_equal_value() # sct Ex().check_object().has_equal_value(expr_code = 'x.n') # submissions that will pass this sct x = Number(1) x = Number(2 - 1) The basic SCT like in the previous example will notwork here. Notice how we used the `expr_code` argument to _override_ which value has_equal_value() is checking. Instead of checking whether x corresponds between student and solution process, it’s now executing the expression `x.n` and seeing if the result of running this expression in both student and solution process match.

is_instance(state, inst, not_instance_msg=None)¶

Check whether an object is an instance of a certain class.

is_instance() can currently only be used when chained from check_object(), the function that is used to ‘zoom in’ on the object of interest.

Parameters:

inst (class) – The class that the object should have.
not_instance_msg (str) – When specified, this overrides the automatically generated message in case the object does not have the expected class.
state (State) – The state that is passed in through the SCT chain (don’t specify this).

Example:

Student code and solution code:

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

SCT:

# Verify the class of arr
import numpy
Ex().check_object('arr').is_instance(numpy.ndarray)

check_df(state, index, missing_msg=None, not_instance_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a DataFrame was defined and it is the right type

check_df() is a combo of check_object() and is_instance() that checks whether the specified object exists and whether the specified object is pandas DataFrame.

You can continue checking the data frame with check_keys() function to ‘zoom in’ on a particular column in the pandas DataFrame:

Parameters:

index (str) – Name of the data frame to zoom in on.
missing_msg (str) – See check_object().
not_instance_msg (str) – See is_instance().
expand_msg (str) – If specified, this overrides any messages that are prepended by previous SCT chains.

Example:

Suppose you want the student to create a DataFrame my_df with two columns. The column a should contain the numbers 1 to 3, while the contents of column b can be anything:

import pandas as pd
my_df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": ["a", "n", "y"]})

The following SCT would robustly check that:

Ex().check_df("my_df").multi(
    check_keys("a").has_equal_value(),
    check_keys("b")
)

check_df() checks if my_df exists (check_object() behind the scenes) and is a DataFrame (is_instance())
check_keys("a") zooms in on the column a of the data frame, and has_equal_value() checks if the columns correspond between student and solution process.
check_keys("b") zooms in on hte column b of the data frame, but there’s no ‘equality checking’ happening

The following submissions would pass the SCT above:

my_df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 1 + 1, 3], "b": ["a", "l", "l"]})
my_df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6], "c": [7, 8, 9]})

check_keys(state, key, missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether an object (dict, DataFrame, etc) has a key.

check_keys() can currently only be used when chained from check_object(), the function that is used to ‘zoom in’ on the object of interest.

Parameters:

key (str) – Name of the key that the object should have.
missing_msg (str) – When specified, this overrides the automatically generated message in case the key does not exist.
expand_msg (str) – If specified, this overrides any messages that are prepended by previous SCT chains.
state (State) – The state that is passed in through the SCT chain (don’t specify this).

Example:

Student code and solution code:

x = {'a': 2}

SCT:

# Verify that x contains a key a
Ex().check_object('x').check_keys('a')

# Verify that x contains a key a and a is correct.
Ex().check_object('x').check_keys('a').has_equal_value()

Function calls¶

check_function(state, name, index=0, missing_msg=None, params_not_matched_msg=None, expand_msg=None, signature=True)¶

Check whether a particular function is called.

check_function() is typically followed by:

check_args() to check whether the arguments were specified. In turn, check_args() can be followed by has_equal_value() or has_equal_ast() to assert that the arguments were correctly specified.
has_equal_value() to check whether rerunning the function call coded by the student gives the same result as calling the function call as in the solution.

Checking function calls is a tricky topic. Please visit the dedicated article for more explanation, edge cases and best practices.

Parameters:

name (str) – the name of the function to be tested. When checking functions in packages, always use the ‘full path’ of the function.
index (int) – index of the function call to be checked. Defaults to 0.
missing_msg (str) – If specified, this overrides an automatically generated feedback message in case the student did not call the function correctly.
params_not_matched_msg (str) – If specified, this overrides an automatically generated feedback message in case the function parameters were not successfully matched.
expand_msg (str) – If specified, this overrides any messages that are prepended by previous SCT chains.
signature (Signature) – Normally, check_function() can figure out what the function signature is, but it might be necessary to use sig_from_params() to manually build a signature and pass this along.
state (State) – State object that is passed from the SCT Chain (don’t specify this).

Examples:

Student code and solution code:

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
np.mean(arr)

SCT:

# Verify whether arr was correctly set in np.mean
Ex().check_function('numpy.mean').check_args('a').has_equal_value()

# Verify whether np.mean(arr) produced the same result
Ex().check_function('numpy.mean').has_equal_value()

check_args(state, name, missing_msg=None)¶

Check whether a function argument is specified.

This function can follow check_function() in an SCT chain and verifies whether an argument is specified. If you want to go on and check whether the argument was correctly specified, you can can continue chaining with has_equal_value() (value-based check) or has_equal_ast() (AST-based check)

This function can also follow check_function_def() or check_lambda_function() to see if arguments have been specified.

Parameters:

name (str) – the name of the argument for which you want to check if it is specified. This can also be a number, in which case it refers to the positional arguments. Named arguments take precedence.
missing_msg (str) – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the student did specify the argument.
state (State) – State object that is passed from the SCT Chain (don’t specify this).

Examples:

Student and solution code:

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
np.mean(arr)

SCT:

# Verify whether arr was correctly set in np.mean
# has_equal_value() checks the value of arr, used to set argument a
Ex().check_function('numpy.mean').check_args('a').has_equal_value()

# Verify whether arr was correctly set in np.mean
# has_equal_ast() checks the expression used to set argument a
Ex().check_function('numpy.mean').check_args('a').has_equal_ast()

Student and solution code:

def my_power(x):
    print("calculating sqrt...")
    return(x * x)

SCT:

Ex().check_function_def('my_power').multi(
    check_args('x') # will fail if student used y as arg
    check_args(0)   # will still pass if student used y as arg
)

Output¶

has_output(state, text, pattern=True, no_output_msg=None)¶

Search student output for a pattern.

Among the student and solution process, the student submission and solution code as a string, the Ex() state also contains the output that a student generated with his or her submission.

With has_output(), you can access this output and match it against a regular or fixed expression.

Parameters:

text (str) – the text that is searched for
pattern (bool) – if True (default), the text is treated as a pattern. If False, it is treated as plain text.
no_output_msg (str) – feedback message to be displayed if the output is not found.

Example:

As an example, suppose we want a student to print out a sentence:

# Print the "This is some ... stuff"
print("This is some weird stuff")

The following SCT tests whether the student prints out This is some weird stuff:

# Using exact string matching
Ex().has_output("This is some weird stuff", pattern = False)

# Using a regular expression (more robust)
# pattern = True is the default
msg = "Print out ``This is some ... stuff`` to the output, " + \
      "fill in ``...`` with a word you like."
Ex().has_output(r"This is some \w* stuff", no_output_msg = msg)

has_printout(state, index, not_printed_msg=None, pre_code=None, name=None, copy=False)¶

Check if the right printouts happened.

has_printout() will look for the printout in the solution code that you specified with index (0 in this case), rerun the print() call in the solution process, capture its output, and verify whether the output is present in the output of the student.

This is more robust as Ex().check_function('print') initiated chains as students can use as many printouts as they want, as long as they do the correct one somewhere.

Parameters:	index (int) – index of the `print()` call in the solution whose output you want to search for in the student output. not_printed_msg (str) – if specified, this overrides the default message that is generated when the output is not found in the student output. pre_code (str) – Python code as a string that is executed before running the targeted student call. This is the ideal place to set a random seed, for example. copy (bool) – whether to try to deep copy objects in the environment, such as lists, that could accidentally be mutated. Disabled by default, which speeds up SCTs. state (State) – state as passed by the SCT chain. Don’t specify this explicitly.
Example:	Suppose you want somebody to print out 4: print(1, 2, 3, 4) The following SCT would check that: Ex().has_printout(0) All of the following SCTs would pass: print(1, 2, 3, 4) print('1 2 3 4') print(1, 2, '3 4') print("random"); print(1, 2, 3, 4)
Example:	Watch out: `has_printout()` will effectively rerun the `print()` call in the solution process after the entire solution script was executed. If your solution script updates the value of x after executing it, `has_printout()` will not work. Suppose you have the following solution: x = 4 print(x) x = 6 The following SCT will not work: Ex().has_printout(0) Why? When the `print(x)` call is executed, the value of `x` will be 6, and pythonwhat will look for the output ‘6’ in the output the student generated. In cases like these, `has_printout()` cannot be used.
Example:	Inside a for loop `has_printout()` Suppose you have the following solution: for i in range(5): print(i) The following SCT will not work: Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().has_printout(0) The reason is that `has_printout()` can only be called from the root state. `Ex()`. If you want to check printouts done in e.g. a for loop, you have to use a check_function(‘print’) chain instead: Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().\ set_context(0).check_function('print').\ check_args(0).has_equal_value()

has_no_error(state, incorrect_msg='Have a look at the console: your code contains an error. Fix it and try again!')¶

Check whether the submission did not generate a runtime error.

If all SCTs for an exercise pass, before marking the submission as correct pythonwhat will automatically check whether the student submission generated an error. This means it is not needed to use has_no_error() explicitly.

However, in some cases, using has_no_error() explicitly somewhere throughout your SCT execution can be helpful:

If you want to make sure people didn’t write typos when writing a long function name.
If you want to first verify whether a function actually runs, before checking whether the arguments were specified correctly.
More generally, if, because of the content, it’s instrumental that the script runs without errors before doing any other verifications.

Parameters:

incorrect_msg – if specified, this overrides the default message if the student code generated an error.

Example:

Suppose you’re verifying an exercise about model training and validation:

# pre exercise code
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn import svm

iris = datasets.load_iris()
iris.data.shape, iris.target.shape

# solution
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
    iris.data, iris.target, test_size=0.4, random_state=0)

If you want to make sure that train_test_split() ran without errors, which would check if the student typed the function without typos and used sensical arguments, you could use the following SCT:

Ex().has_no_error()
Ex().check_function('sklearn.model_selection.train_test_split').multi(
    check_args(['arrays', 0]).has_equal_value(),
    check_args(['arrays', 0]).has_equal_value(),
    check_args(['options', 'test_size']).has_equal_value(),
    check_args(['options', 'random_state']).has_equal_value()
)

If, on the other hand, you want to fall back onto pythonwhat’s built in behavior, that checks for an error before marking the exercise as correct, you can simply leave of the has_no_error() step.

Code¶

has_code(state, text, pattern=True, not_typed_msg=None)¶

Test the student code.

Tests if the student typed a (pattern of) text. It is advised to use has_equal_ast() instead of has_code(), as it is more robust to small syntactical differences that don’t change the code’s behavior.

Parameters:

text (str) – the text that is searched for
pattern (bool) – if True (the default), the text is treated as a pattern. If False, it is treated as plain text.
not_typed_msg (str) – feedback message to be displayed if the student did not type the text.

Example:

Student code and solution code:

y = 1 + 2 + 3

SCT:

# Verify that student code contains pattern (not robust!!):
Ex().has_code(r"1\s*\+2\s*\+3")

has_import(state, name, same_as=False, not_imported_msg='Did you import `{{pkg}}`?', incorrect_as_msg='Did you import `{{pkg}}` as `{{alias}}`?')¶

Checks whether student imported a package or function correctly.

Python features many ways to import packages. All of these different methods revolve around the import, from and as keywords. has_import() provides a robust way to check whether a student correctly imported a certain package.

By default, has_import() allows for different ways of aliasing the imported package or function. If you want to make sure the correct alias was used to refer to the package or function that was imported, set same_as=True.

Parameters:

name (str) – the name of the package that has to be checked.
same_as (bool) – if True, the alias of the package or function has to be the same. Defaults to False.
not_imported_msg (str) – feedback message when the package is not imported.
incorrect_as_msg (str) – feedback message if the alias is wrong.

Example:

Example 1, where aliases don’t matter (defaut):

# solution
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# sct
Ex().has_import("matplotlib.pyplot")

# passing submissions
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltttt

# failing submissions
import matplotlib as mpl

Example 2, where the SCT is coded so aliases do matter:

# solution
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# sct
Ex().has_import("matplotlib.pyplot", same_as=True)

# passing submissions
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# failing submissions
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltttt

has_equal_x¶

has_equal_value(state, incorrect_msg=None, error_msg=None, undefined_msg=None, append=None, extra_env=None, context_vals=None, pre_code=None, expr_code=None, name=None, copy=True, func=None, override=None, *, test='value')¶

Run targeted student and solution code, and compare returned value.

When called on an SCT chain, has_equal_value() will execute the student and solution code that is ‘zoomed in on’ and compare the returned values.

Parameters:

incorrect_msg (str) – feedback message if the returned value of the expression in the solution doesn’t match the one of the student. This feedback message will be expanded if it is used in the context of another check function, like check_if_else.
error_msg (str) – feedback message if there was an error when running the targeted student code. Note that when testing for an error, this message is displayed when none is raised.
undefined_msg (str) – feedback message if the name argument is defined, but a variable with that name doesn’t exist after running the targeted student code.
extra_env (dict) – set variables to the extra environment. They will update the student and solution environment in the active state before the student/solution code in the active state is ran. This argument should contain a dictionary with the keys the names of the variables you want to set, and the values are the values of these variables. You can also use set_env() for this.
context_vals (list) – set variables which are bound in a for loop to certain values. This argument is only useful when checking a for loop (or list comprehensions). It contains a list with the values of the bound variables. You can also use set_context() for this.
pre_code (str) – the code in string form that should be executed before the expression is executed. This is the ideal place to set a random seed, for example.
expr_code (str) – If this argument is set, the expression in the student/solution code will not be ran. Instead, the given piece of code will be ran in the student as well as the solution environment and the result will be compared. However if the string contains one or more placeholders __focus__, they will be substituted by the currently focused code.
name (str) – If this is specified, the returned value of running this expression after running the focused expression is returned, instead of the returned value of the focused expression in itself. This is typically used to inspect the returned value of an object after executing the body of e.g. a for loop.
copy (bool) – whether to try to deep copy objects in the environment, such as lists, that could accidentally be mutated. Disable to speed up SCTs. Disabling may lead to cryptic mutation issues.
func (function) – custom binary function of form f(stu_result, sol_result), for equality testing.
override – If specified, this avoids the execution of the targeted code in the solution process. Instead, it will compare the returned value of the expression in the student process with the value specified in override. Typically used in a SingleProcessExercise or if you want to allow for different solutions other than the one coded up in the solution.

Example:

Student code and solution code:

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
np.mean(arr)

SCT:

# Verify equality of arr:
Ex().check_object('arr').has_equal_value()

# Verify whether arr was correctly set in np.mean
Ex().check_function('numpy.mean').check_args('a').has_equal_value()

# Verify whether np.mean(arr) produced the same result
Ex().check_function('numpy.mean').has_equal_value()

has_equal_output(state, incorrect_msg=None, error_msg=None, undefined_msg=None, append=None, extra_env=None, context_vals=None, pre_code=None, expr_code=None, name=None, copy=True, func=None, override=None, *, test='output')¶

Run targeted student and solution code, and compare output.

When called on an SCT chain, has_equal_output() will execute the student and solution code that is ‘zoomed in on’ and compare the output.

Parameters:

incorrect_msg (str) – feedback message if the output of the expression in the solution doesn’t match the one of the student. This feedback message will be expanded if it is used in the context of another check function, like check_if_else.
error_msg (str) – feedback message if there was an error when running the targeted student code. Note that when testing for an error, this message is displayed when none is raised.
undefined_msg (str) – feedback message if the name argument is defined, but a variable with that name doesn’t exist after running the targeted student code.
extra_env (dict) – set variables to the extra environment. They will update the student and solution environment in the active state before the student/solution code in the active state is ran. This argument should contain a dictionary with the keys the names of the variables you want to set, and the values are the values of these variables. You can also use set_env() for this.
context_vals (list) – set variables which are bound in a for loop to certain values. This argument is only useful when checking a for loop (or list comprehensions). It contains a list with the values of the bound variables. You can also use set_context() for this.
pre_code (str) – the code in string form that should be executed before the expression is executed. This is the ideal place to set a random seed, for example.
expr_code (str) – If this argument is set, the expression in the student/solution code will not be ran. Instead, the given piece of code will be ran in the student as well as the solution environment and the result will be compared. However if the string contains one or more placeholders __focus__, they will be substituted by the currently focused code.
name (str) – If this is specified, the output of running this expression after running the focused expression is returned, instead of the output of the focused expression in itself. This is typically used to inspect the output of an object after executing the body of e.g. a for loop.
copy (bool) – whether to try to deep copy objects in the environment, such as lists, that could accidentally be mutated. Disable to speed up SCTs. Disabling may lead to cryptic mutation issues.
func (function) – custom binary function of form f(stu_result, sol_result), for equality testing.
override – If specified, this avoids the execution of the targeted code in the solution process. Instead, it will compare the output of the expression in the student process with the value specified in override. Typically used in a SingleProcessExercise or if you want to allow for different solutions other than the one coded up in the solution.

has_equal_error(state, incorrect_msg=None, error_msg=None, undefined_msg=None, append=None, extra_env=None, context_vals=None, pre_code=None, expr_code=None, name=None, copy=True, func=None, override=None, *, test='error')¶

Run targeted student and solution code, and compare generated errors.

When called on an SCT chain, has_equal_error() will execute the student and solution code that is ‘zoomed in on’ and compare the errors that they generate.

Parameters:

incorrect_msg (str) – feedback message if the error of the expression in the solution doesn’t match the one of the student. This feedback message will be expanded if it is used in the context of another check function, like check_if_else.
error_msg (str) – feedback message if there was an error when running the targeted student code. Note that when testing for an error, this message is displayed when none is raised.
undefined_msg (str) – feedback message if the name argument is defined, but a variable with that name doesn’t exist after running the targeted student code.
extra_env (dict) – set variables to the extra environment. They will update the student and solution environment in the active state before the student/solution code in the active state is ran. This argument should contain a dictionary with the keys the names of the variables you want to set, and the values are the values of these variables. You can also use set_env() for this.
context_vals (list) – set variables which are bound in a for loop to certain values. This argument is only useful when checking a for loop (or list comprehensions). It contains a list with the values of the bound variables. You can also use set_context() for this.
pre_code (str) – the code in string form that should be executed before the expression is executed. This is the ideal place to set a random seed, for example.
expr_code (str) – If this argument is set, the expression in the student/solution code will not be ran. Instead, the given piece of code will be ran in the student as well as the solution environment and the result will be compared. However if the string contains one or more placeholders __focus__, they will be substituted by the currently focused code.
name (str) – If this is specified, the error of running this expression after running the focused expression is returned, instead of the error of the focused expression in itself. This is typically used to inspect the error of an object after executing the body of e.g. a for loop.
copy (bool) – whether to try to deep copy objects in the environment, such as lists, that could accidentally be mutated. Disable to speed up SCTs. Disabling may lead to cryptic mutation issues.
func (function) – custom binary function of form f(stu_result, sol_result), for equality testing.
override – If specified, this avoids the execution of the targeted code in the solution process. Instead, it will compare the error of the expression in the student process with the value specified in override. Typically used in a SingleProcessExercise or if you want to allow for different solutions other than the one coded up in the solution.

has_equal_ast(state, incorrect_msg=None, code=None, exact=True, append=None)¶

Test whether abstract syntax trees match between the student and solution code.

has_equal_ast() can be used in two ways:

As a robust version of has_code(). By setting code, you can look for the AST representation of code in the student’s submission. But be aware that a and a = 1 won’t match, as reading and assigning are not the same in an AST. Use ast.dump(ast.parse(code)) to see an AST representation of code.
As an expression-based check when using more advanced SCT chain, e.g. to compare the equality of expressions to set function arguments.

Parameters:

incorrect_msg – message displayed when ASTs mismatch. When you specify code yourself, you have to specify this.
code – optional code to use instead of the solution AST.
exact – whether the representations must match exactly. If false, the solution AST only needs to be contained within the student AST (similar to using test student typed). Defaults to True, unless the code argument has been specified.

Example:

Student and Solution Code:

dict(a = 'value').keys()

SCT:

# all pass
Ex().has_equal_ast()
Ex().has_equal_ast(code = "dict(a = 'value').keys()")
Ex().has_equal_ast(code = "dict(a = 'value')", exact = False)

Student and Solution Code:

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
np.mean(arr)

SCT:

# Check underlying value of arugment a of np.mean:
Ex().check_function('numpy.mean').check_args('a').has_equal_ast()

# Only check AST equality of expression used to specify argument a:
Ex().check_function('numpy.mean').check_args('a').has_equal_ast()

Combining SCTs¶

multi(state, *tests)¶

Run multiple subtests. Return original state (for chaining).

This function could be thought as an AND statement, since all tests it runs must pass

Parameters:

state – State instance describing student and solution code, can be omitted if used with Ex()
tests – one or more sub-SCTs to run.

Example:

The SCT below checks two has_code cases..

Ex().multi(has_code('SELECT'), has_code('WHERE'))

The SCT below uses multi to ‘branch out’ to check that the SELECT statement has both a WHERE and LIMIT clause..

Ex().check_node('SelectStmt', 0).multi(
    check_edge('where_clause'),
    check_edge('limit_clause')
)

Example:

Suppose we want to verify the following function call:

round(1.2345, ndigits=2)

The following SCT would verify this, using multi to ‘branch out’ the state to two sub-SCTs:

Ex().check_function('round').multi(
    check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_args('ndigits').has_equal_value()
)

check_correct(state, check, diagnose)¶

Allows feedback from a diagnostic SCT, only if a check SCT fails.

Parameters:	state – State instance describing student and solution code. Can be omitted if used with Ex(). check – An sct chain that must succeed. diagnose – An sct chain to run if the check fails.
Example:	The SCT below tests whether students query result is correct, before running diagnostic SCTs.. Ex().check_correct( check_result(), check_node('SelectStmt') )
Example:	The SCT below tests whether an object is correct. Only if the object is not correct, will the function calling checks be executed Ex().check_correct( check_object('x').has_equal_value(), check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value() )

check_or(state, *tests)¶

Test whether at least one SCT passes.

Parameters:

state – State instance describing student and solution code, can be omitted if used with Ex()
tests – one or more sub-SCTs to run

Example:

The SCT below tests that the student typed either ‘SELECT’ or ‘WHERE’ (or both)..

Ex().check_or(
    has_code('SELECT'),
    has_code('WHERE')
)

The SCT below checks that a SELECT statement has at least a WHERE c or LIMIT clause..

Ex().check_node('SelectStmt', 0).check_or(
    check_edge('where_clause'),
    check_edge('limit_clause')
)

Example:

The SCT below tests that the student typed either ‘mean’ or ‘median’:

Ex().check_or(
    has_code('mean'),
    has_code('median')
)

If the student didn’t type either, the feedback message generated by has_code(mean), the first SCT, will be presented to the student.

check_not(state, *tests, msg)¶

Run multiple subtests that should fail. If all subtests fail, returns original state (for chaining)

This function is currently only tested in working with has_code() in the subtests.
This function can be thought as a NOT(x OR y OR ...) statement, since all tests it runs must fail
This function can be considered a direct counterpart of multi.

Parameters:	state – State instance describing student and solution code, can be omitted if used with Ex() tests – one or more sub-SCTs to run msg* – feedback message that is shown in case not all tests specified in `*tests` fail.
Example:	Thh SCT below runs two has_code cases.. Ex().check_not( has_code('INNER'), has_code('OUTER'), incorrect_msg="Don't use `INNER` or `OUTER`!" ) If students use `INNER (JOIN)` or `OUTER (JOIN)` in their code, this test will fail.
Example:	The SCT fails with feedback for a specific incorrect value, defined using an override: Ex().check_object('result').multi( check_not( has_equal_value(override=100), msg='100 is incorrect for reason xyz.' ), has_equal_value() ) Notice that `check_not` comes before the `has_equal_value` test that checks if the student value is equal to the solution value.
Example:	The SCT below runs two `has_code` cases: Ex().check_not( has_code('mean'), has_code('median'), msg='Check your code' ) If students use `mean` or `median` anywhere in their code, this SCT will fail.

Note

This function is not yet tested with all checks, please report unexpected behaviour.
This function can be thought as a NOT(x OR y OR …) statement, since all tests it runs must fail
This function can be considered a direct counterpart of multi.

Function/Class/Lambda definitions¶

check_function_def(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a function was defined and zoom in on it.

Can be chained with check_call(), check_args() and check_body().

Parameters:

index – the name of the function definition.
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you want a student to create a function shout_echo():

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

The following SCT robustly checks this:

Ex().check_function_def('shout_echo').check_correct(
    multi(
        check_call("f('hey', 3)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi', 2)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi')").has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().set_context('test', 1).multi(
        has_equal_value(name = 'echo_word'),
        has_equal_value(name = 'shout_words')
    )
)

Here:

check_function_def() zooms in on the function definition of shout_echo in both student and solution code (and process).
check_correct() is used to
- First check whether the function gives the correct result when called in different ways (through check_call()).
- Only if these ‘function unit tests’ don’t pass, check_correct() will run the check_body() chain that dives deeper into the function definition body. This chain sets the context variables - word1 and echo, the arguments of the function - to the values 'test' and 1 respectively, again while being agnostic to the actual name of these context variables.

Notice how check_correct() is used to great effect here: why check the function definition internals if the I/O of the function works fine? Because of this construct, all the following submissions will pass the SCT:

# passing submission 1
def shout_echo(w, e=1):
    ew = w * e
    return ew + '!!!'

# passing submission 2
def shout_echo(a, b=1):
    return a * b + '!!!'

Example:

check_args() is most commonly used in combination with check_function() to verify the arguments of function calls, but it can also be used to verify the arguments specified in the signature of a function definition.

We can extend the SCT for the previous example to explicitly verify the signature:

msg1 = "Make sure to specify 2 arguments!"
msg2 = "don't specify default arg!"
msg3 = "specify a default arg!"
Ex().check_function_def('shout_echo').check_correct(
    multi(
        check_call("f('hey', 3)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi', 2)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi')").has_equal_value()
    ),
    multi(
        has_equal_part_len("args", unequal_msg=1),
        check_args(0).has_equal_part('is_default', msg=msg2),
        check_args('word1').has_equal_part('is_default', msg=msg2),
        check_args(1).\
            has_equal_part('is_default', msg=msg3).has_equal_value(),
        check_args('echo').\
            has_equal_part('is_default', msg=msg3).has_equal_value(),
        check_body().set_context('test', 1).multi(
            has_equal_value(name = 'echo_word'),
            has_equal_value(name = 'shout_words')
        )
    )
)

has_equal_part_len("args") verifies whether student and solution function definition have the same number of arguments.
check_args(0) refers to the first argument in the signature by position, and the chain checks whether the student did not specify a default as in the solution.
An alternative for the check_args(0) chain is to use check_args('word1') to refer to the first argument. This is more restrictive, as the requires the student to use the exact same name.
check_args(1) refers to the second argument in the signature by position, and the chain checks whether the student specified a default, as in the solution, and whether the value of this default corresponds to the one in the solution.
The check_args('echo') chain is a more restrictive alternative for the check_args(1) chain.

Notice that support for verifying arguments is not great yet:

A lot of work is needed to verify the number of arguments and whether or not defaults are set.
You have to specify custom messages because pythonwhat doesn’t automatically generate messages.

We are working on it!

has_equal_part_len(state, name, unequal_msg)¶

Verify that a part that is zoomed in on has equal length.

Typically used in the context of check_function_def()

Parameters:

name (str) – name of the part for which to check the length to the corresponding part in the solution.
unequal_msg (str) – Message in case the lengths do not match.
state (State) – state as passed by the SCT chain. Don’t specify this explicitly.

Examples:

Student and solution code:

def shout(word):
    return word + '!!!'

SCT that checks number of arguments:

Ex().check_function_def('shout').has_equal_part_len('args', 'not enough args!')

check_call(state, callstr, argstr=None, expand_msg=None)¶

When checking a function definition of lambda function, prepare has_equal_x for checking the call of a user-defined function.

Parameters:

callstr (str) – call string that specifies how the function should be called, e.g. f(1, a = 2). check_call() will replace f with the function/lambda you’re targeting.
argstr (str) – If specified, this overrides the way the function call is refered to in the expand message.
expand_msg (str) – If specified, this overrides any messages that are prepended by previous SCT chains.
state (State) – state object that is chained from.

Example:

Student and solution code:

def my_power(x):
    print("calculating sqrt...")
    return(x * x)

SCT:

Ex().check_function_def('my_power').multi(
    check_call("f(3)").has_equal_value()
    check_call("f(3)").has_equal_output()
)

check_class_def(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a class was defined and zoom in on its definition

Can be chained with check_bases() and check_body().

Parameters:

index – the name of the function definition.
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you want to check whether a class was defined correctly:

class MyInt(int):
    def __init__(self, i):
        super().__init__(i + 1)

The following SCT would verify this:

Ex().check_class_def('MyInt').multi(
    check_bases(0).has_equal_ast(),
    check_body().check_function_def('__init__').multi(
        check_args('self'),
        check_args('i'),
        check_body().set_context(i = 2).multi(
            check_function('super', signature=False),
            check_function('super.__init__').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

check_class_def() looks for the class definition itself.
With check_bases(), you can zoom in on the different basse classes that the class definition inherits from.
With check_body(), you zoom in on the class body, after which you can use other functions such as check_function_def() to look for class methods.
Of course, just like for other examples, you can use check_correct() where necessary, e.g. to verify whether class methods give the right behavior with check_call() before diving into the body of the method itself.

check_lambda_function(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a lambda function was coded zoom in on it.

Can be chained with check_call(), check_args() and check_body().

Parameters:

index – the index of the lambda function (0-based).
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you want a student to create a lambda function that returns the length of an array times two:

lambda x: len(x)*2

The following SCT robustly checks this:

Ex().check_lambda_function().check_correct(
    multi(
        check_call("f([1])").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f([1, 2])").has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().set_context([1, 2, 3]).has_equal_value()
)

Here:

check_lambda_function() zooms in on the first lambda function in both student and solution code.
check_correct() is used to
- First check whether the lambda function gives the correct result when called in different ways (through check_call()).
- Only if these ‘function unit tests’ don’t pass, check_correct() will run the check_body() chain that dives deeper into the lambda function’s body. This chain sets the context variable x, the argument of the function, to the values [1, 2, 3], while being agnostic to the actual name the student used for this context variable.

Notice how check_correct() is used to great effect here: why check the function definition internals if the I/O of the function works fine? Because of this construct, all the following submissions will pass the SCT:

# passing submission 1
lambda x: len(x) + len(x)

# passing submission 2
lambda y, times=2: len(y) * times

Control flow¶

check_if_else(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether an if statement was coded zoom in on it.

Parameters:

index – the index of the if statement to look for (0 based)
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you want students to print out a message if x is larger than 0:

x = 4
if x > 0:
    print("x is strictly positive")

The following SCT would verify that:

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi(
        set_env(x = -1).has_equal_value(),
        set_env(x =  1).has_equal_value(),
        set_env(x =  0).has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().check_function('print', 0).\
        check_args('value').has_equal_value()
)

check_if_else() zooms in on the first if statement in the student and solution submission.
check_test() zooms in on the ‘test’ portion of the if statement, x > 0 in case of the solution. has_equal_value() reruns this expression and the corresponding expression in the student code for different values of x (set with set_env()) and compare there results. This way, you can robustly verify whether the if test was coded up correctly. If the student codes up the condition as 0 < x, this would also be accepted.
check_body() zooms in on the ‘body’ portion of the if statement, print("...") in case of the solution. With a classical check_function() chain, it is verified whether the if statement contains a function print() and whether its argument is set correctly.

Example:

In Python, when an if-else statement has an elif clause, it is held in the orelse part. In this sense, an if-elif-else statement is represented by python as nested if-elses. More specifically, this if-else statement:

if x > 0:
    print(x)
elif y > 0:
    print(y)
else:
    print('none')

Is syntactically equivalent to:

if x > 0:
    print(x)
else:
    if y > 0:
        print(y)
    else:
        print('none')

The second representation has to be followed when writing the corresponding SCT:

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test(),          # zoom in on x > 0
    check_body(),          # zoom in on print(x)
    check_orelse().check_if_else().multi(
        check_test(),      # zoom in on y > 0
        check_body(),      # zoom in on print(y)
        check_orelse()     # zoom in on print('none')
    )
)

check_try_except(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a try except statement was coded zoom in on it.

Can be chained with check_body(), check_handlers(), check_orelse() and check_finalbody().

Parameters:

index – the index of the try except statement (0-based).
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you want to verify whether the student did a try-except statement properly:

do_dangerous_thing = lambda n: n

try:
    x = do_dangerous_thing(n = 4)
except ValueError as e:
    x = 'something wrong with inputs'
except:
    x = 'something went wrong'
finally:
    print('ciao!')

The following SCT can be used to verify this:

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().\
        check_function('do_dangerous_thing').\
        check_args('n').has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('ValueError').\
        has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').\
        has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_finalbody().\
        check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

check_if_exp(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether an if expression was coded zoom in on it.

This function works the exact same way as check_if_else().

check_with(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a with statement was coded zoom in on it.

Parameters:

index – the index of the``with`` statement to verify (0-based)
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Loops¶

check_for_loop(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a for loop was coded and zoom in on it.

Can be chained with check_iter() and check_body().

Parameters:	index – Index of the for loop (0-based). typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on. missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found. expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.
Example:	Suppose you want a student to iterate over a predefined dictionary `my_dict` and do the appropriate printouts: for key, value in my_dict.items(): print(key + " - " + str(value)) The following SCT would verify this: Ex().check_for_loop().multi( check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().multi( set_context('a', 1).has_equal_output(), set_context('b', 2).has_equal_output() ) ) `check_for_loop()` zooms in on the `for` loop, and makes its parts available for further checking. `check_iter()` zooms in on the iterator part of the for loop, `my_dict.items()` in the solution. `has_equal_value()` re-executes the expressions specified by student and solution and compares their results. `check_body()` zooms in on the body part of the for loop, `print(key + " - " + str(value))`. For different values of `key` and `value`, the student’s body and solution’s body are executed again and the printouts are captured and compared to see if they are equal. Notice how you do not need to specify the variables by name in `set_context()`. pythonwhat can figure out the variable names used in both student and solution code, and can do the verification independent of that. That way, we can make the SCT robust against submissions that code the correct logic, but use different names for the context values. In other words, the following student submissions that would also pass the SCT: # passing submission 1 my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} for k, v in my_dict.items(): print(k + " - " + str(v)) # passing submission 2 my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} for first, second in my_dict.items(): mess = first + " - " + str(second) print(mess)
Example:	As another example, suppose you want the student to build a list of doubles as follows: even = [] for i in range(10): even.append(2i) The following SCT would robustly verify this: Ex().check_correct( check_object('even').has_equal_value(), check_for_loop().multi( check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().set_context(2).set_env(even = []).\ has_equal_value(name = 'even') ) ) `check_correct()` makes sure that we do not dive into the `for` loop if the array `even` is correctly populated in the end. If `even` was not correctly populated, `check_for_loop()` will zoom in on the for loop. The `check_iter()` chain verifies whether range(10) (or something equivalent) was used to iterate over. `check_body()` zooms in on the body, and reruns the body (`even.append(2i)` in the solution) for `i` equal to 2, and even temporarily set to an empty array. Notice how we use `set_context()` to robustly set the context value (the student can use a different variable name), while we have to explicitly set `even` with `set_env()`. Also notice how we use `has_equal_value(name = 'even')` instead of the usual `check_object()`; `check_object()` can only be called from the root state `Ex()`.
Example:	As a follow-up example, suppose you want the student to build a list of doubles of the even numbers only: even = [] for i in range(10): if i % 2 == 0: even.append(2*i) The following SCT would robustly verify this: Ex().check_correct( check_object('even').has_equal_value(), check_for_loop().multi( check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().check_if_else().multi( check_test().multi( set_context(1).has_equal_value(), set_context(2).has_equal_value() ), check_body().set_context(2).\ set_env(even = []).has_equal_value(name = 'even') ) ) )

check_while(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a while loop was coded and zoom in on it.

Can be chained with check_test(), check_body() and check_orelse().

Parameters:

index – the index of the while loop to verify (0-based).
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you want a student to code a while loop that counts down a counter from 50 until a multilpe of 11 is found. If it is found, the value should be printed out.

i = 50
while i % 11 != 0:
    i -= 1

The following SCT robustly verifies this:

Ex().check_correct(
    check_object('i').has_equal_value(),
    check_while().multi(
            check_test().multi(
                set_env(i = 45).has_equal_value(),
                set_env(i = 44).has_equal_value()
            ),
            check_body().set_env(i = 3).has_equal_value(name = 'i')
    )
)

check_correct() first checks whether the end result of i is correct. If it is, the entire chain that checks the while loop is skipped.
If i is not correctly calculated, check_while_loop() zooms in on the while loop.
check_test() zooms in on the condition of the while loop, i % 11 != 0 in the solution, and verifies whether the expression gives the same results for different values of i, set through set_env(), when comparing student and solution.
check_body() zooms in on the body of the while loop, and has_equal_value() checks whether rerunning this body updates i as expected when i is temporarily set to 3 with set_env().

check_list_comp(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a list comprehension was coded and zoom in on it.

Can be chained with check_iter(), check_body(), and check_ifs().

Parameters:

index – Index of the list comprehension (0-based)
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you expect students to create a list my_list as follows:

my_list = [ i*2 for i in range(0,10) if i>2 ]

The following SCT would robustly verify this:

Ex().check_correct(
    check_object('my_list').has_equal_value(),
    check_list_comp().multi(
        check_iter().has_equal_value(),
        check_body().set_context(4).has_equal_value(),
        check_ifs(0).multi(
            set_context(0).has_equal_value(),
            set_context(3).has_equal_value(),
            set_context(5).has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

With check_correct(), we’re making sure that the list comprehension checking is not executed if my_list was calculated properly.
If my_list is not correct, the ‘diagnose’ chain will run: check_list_comp() looks for the first list comprehension in the student’s submission.
Next, check_iter() zooms in on the iterator, range(0, 10) in the case of the solution. has_equal_value() verifies whether the expression that the student used evaluates to the same value as the expression that the solution used.
check_body() zooms in on the body, i*2 in the case of the solution. set_context() sets the iterator to 4, allowing for the fact that the student used another name instead of i for this iterator. has_equal_value() reruns the body in the student and solution code with the iterator set to 4, and checks if the results are the same.
check_ifs(0) zooms in on the first if of the list comprehension, i>2 in case of the solution. With a series of set_context() and has_equal_value(), it is verifies whether this condition evaluates to the same value in student and solution code for different values of the iterator (i in the case of the solution, whatever in the case of the student).

check_dict_comp(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a dictionary comprehension was coded and zoom in on it.

Can be chained with check_key(), check_value(), and check_ifs().

Parameters:

index – Index of the dictionary comprehension (0-based)
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you expect students to create a dictionary my_dict as follows:

my_dict = { m:len(m) for m in ['a', 'ab', 'abc'] }

The following SCT would robustly verify this:

Ex().check_correct(
    check_object('my_dict').has_equal_value(),
    check_dict_comp().multi(
        check_iter().has_equal_value(),
        check_key().set_context('ab').has_equal_value(),
        check_value().set_context('ab').has_equal_value()
    )
)

With check_correct(), we’re making sure that the dictionary comprehension checking is not executed if my_dict was created properly.
If my_dict is not correct, the ‘diagnose’ chain will run: check_dict_comp() looks for the first dictionary comprehension in the student’s submission.
Next, check_iter() zooms in on the iterator, ['a', 'ab', 'abc'] in the case of the solution. has_equal_value() verifies whether the expression that the student used evaluates to the same value as the expression that the solution used.
check_key() zooms in on the key of the comprehension, m in the case of the solution. set_context() temporaritly sets the iterator to 'ab', allowing for the fact that the student used another name instead of m for this iterator. has_equal_value() reruns the key expression in the student and solution code with the iterator set to 'ab', and checks if the results are the same.
check_value() zooms in on the value of the comprehension, len(m) in the case of the solution. has_equal_value() reruns the value expression in the student and solution code with the iterator set to 'ab', and checks if the results are the same.

check_generator_exp(state, index=0, typestr='{{ordinal}} node', missing_msg=None, expand_msg=None)¶

Check whether a generator expression was coded and zoom in on it.

Can be chained with check_iter(), check_body(), and check_ifs().

Parameters:

index – Index of the generator expression (0-based)
typestr – If specified, this overrides the standard way of referring to the construct you’re zooming in on.
missing_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message in case the construct could not be found.
expand_msg – If specified, this overrides the automatically generated feedback message that is prepended to feedback messages that are thrown further in the SCT chain.

Example:

Suppose you expect students to create a generator my_gen as follows:

my_gen = ( i*2 for i in range(0,10) )

The following SCT would robustly verify this:

Ex().check_correct(
    check_object('my_gen').has_equal_value(),
    check_generator_exp().multi(
        check_iter().has_equal_value(),
        check_body().set_context(4).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Have a look at check_list_comp to understand what’s going on; it is very similar.

State management¶

override(state, solution)¶

Override the solution code with something arbitrary.

There might be cases in which you want to temporarily override the solution code so you can allow for alternative ways of solving an exercise. When you use override() in an SCT chain, the remainder of that SCT chain will run as if the solution code you specified is the only code that was in the solution.

Check the glossary for an example (pandas plotting)

Parameters:	solution – solution code as a string that overrides the original solution code. state – State instance describing student and solution code. Can be omitted if used with Ex().

disable_highlighting(state)¶

Disable highlighting in the remainder of the SCT chain.

Include this function if you want to avoid that pythonwhat marks which part of the student submission is incorrect.

Examples:

SCT that will mark the ‘number’ portion if it is incorrect:

Ex().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_ast()

SCT chains that will not mark certain mistakes. The earlier you put the function, the more types of mistakes will no longer be highlighted:

Ex().disable_highlighting().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_ast()
Ex().check_function('round').disable_highlighting().check_args(0).has_equal_ast()
Ex().check_function('round').check_args(0).disable_highlighting().has_equal_ast()

set_context(state, *args, **kwargs)¶

Update context values for student and solution environments.

When has_equal_x() is used after this, the context values (in for loops and function definitions, for example) will have the values specified through his function. It is the function equivalent of the context_vals argument of the has_equal_x() functions.

Note 1: excess args and unmatched kwargs will be unused in the student environment.
Note 2: When you try to set context values that don’t match any target variables in the solution code, set_context() raises an exception that lists the ones available.
Note 3: positional arguments are more robust to the student using different names for context values.
Note 4: You have to specify arguments either by position, either by name. A combination is not possible.

Example:

Solution code:

total = 0
for i in range(10):
    print(i ** 2)

Student submission that will pass (different iterator, different calculation):

total = 0
for j in range(10):
    print(j * j)

SCT:

# set_context is robust against different names of context values.
Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().multi(
    set_context(1).has_equal_output(),
    set_context(2).has_equal_output(),
    set_context(3).has_equal_output()
)

# equivalent SCT, by setting context_vals in has_equal_output()
Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().\
    multi([s.has_equal_output(context_vals=[i]) for i in range(1, 4)])

set_env(state, **kwargs)¶

Update/set environemnt variables for student and solution environments.

When has_equal_x() is used after this, the variables specified through this function will be available in the student and solution process. Note that you will not see these variables in the student process of the state produced by this function: the values are saved on the state and are only added to the student and solution processes when has_equal_ast() is called.

Example:

Student and Solution Code:

a = 1
if a > 4:
    print('pretty large')

SCT:

# check if condition works with different values of a
Ex().check_if_else().check_test().multi(
    set_env(a = 3).has_equal_value(),
    set_env(a = 4).has_equal_value(),
    set_env(a = 5).has_equal_value()
)

# equivalent SCT, by setting extra_env in has_equal_value()
Ex().check_if_else().check_test().\
    multi([has_equal_value(extra_env={'a': i}) for i in range(3, 6)])

Checking files¶

check_file(state: protowhat.State.State, path, missing_msg='Did you create the file `{}`?', is_dir_msg='Want to check the file `{}`, but found a directory.', parse=True, solution_code=None)¶

Test whether file exists, and make its contents the student code.

Parameters:

state – State instance describing student and solution code. Can be omitted if used with Ex().
path – expected location of the file
missing_msg – feedback message if no file is found in the expected location
is_dir_msg – feedback message if the path is a directory instead of a file
parse – If True (the default) the content of the file is interpreted as code in the main exercise technology. This enables more checks on the content of the file.
solution_code – this argument can be used to pass the expected code for the file so it can be used by subsequent checks.

Note

This SCT fails if the file is a directory.

Example:	To check if a user created the file `my_output.txt` in the subdirectory `resources` of the directory where the exercise is run, use this SCT: Ex().check_file("resources/my_output.txt", parse=False)

has_dir(state: protowhat.State.State, path, msg='Did you create a directory `{}`?')¶

Test whether a directory exists.

Parameters:	state – State instance describing student and solution code. Can be omitted if used with Ex(). path – expected location of the directory msg – feedback message if no directory is found in the expected location
Example:	To check if a user created the subdirectory `resources` in the directory where the exercise is run, use this SCT: Ex().has_dir("resources")

run(state, relative_working_dir=None, solution_dir='../solution', run_solution=True)¶

Run the focused student and solution code in the specified location

This function can be used after check_file to execute student and solution code. The arguments allow configuring the correct context for execution.

SCT functions chained after this one that execute pieces of code (custom expressions or the focused part of a file) execute in the same student and solution locations as the file.

Note

This function does not execute the file itself, but code in memory. This can have an impact when:

the solution code imports from a different file in the expected solution (code that is not installed)
using functionality depending on e.g. __file__ and inspect

When the expected code has imports from a different file that is part of the exercise, it can only work if the solution code provided earlier does not have these imports but instead has all that functionality inlined.

Parameters:

relative_working_dir (str) – if specified, this relative path is the subdirectory inside the student and solution context in which the code is executed
solution_dir (str) – a relative path, solution by default, that sets the root of the solution context, relative to that of the student execution context
state (State) – state as passed by the SCT chain. Don’t specify this explicitly.

If relative_working_dir is not set, it will be the directory the file was loaded from by check_file and fall back to the root of the student execution context (the working directory pythonwhat runs in).

The solution_dir helps to prevent solution side effects from conflicting with those of the student. If the set or derived value of relative_working_dir is an absolute path, relative_working_dir will not be used to form the solution execution working directory: the solution code will be executed in the root of the solution execution context.

Example:

Suppose the student and solution have a file script.py in /home/repl/:

if True:
    a = 1

print("Hi!")

We can check it with this SCT (with file_content containing the expected file content):

Ex().check_file(
    "script.py",
    solution_code=file_content
).run().multi(
    check_object("a").has_equal_value(),
    has_printout(0)
)

Bash history checks¶

get_bash_history(full_history=False, bash_history_path=None)¶

Get the commands in the bash history

Parameters:	full_history (bool) – if true, returns all commands in the bash history, else only return the commands executed after the last bash history info update bash_history_path (str \| Path) – path to the bash history file
Returns:	a list of commands (empty if the file is not found)

Import from from protowhat.checks import get_bash_history.

has_command(state, pattern, msg, fixed=False, commands=None)¶

Test whether the bash history has a command matching the pattern

Parameters:

state – State instance describing student and solution code. Can be omitted if used with Ex().
pattern – text that command must contain (can be a regex pattern or a simple string)
msg – feedback message if no matching command is found
fixed – whether to match text exactly, rather than using regular expressions
commands – the bash history commands to check against. By default this will be all commands since the last bash history info update. Otherwise pass a list of commands to search through, created by calling the helper function get_bash_history().

Note

The helper function update_bash_history_info(bash_history_path=None) needs to be called in the pre-exercise code in exercise types that don’t have built-in support for bash history features.

Note

If the bash history info is updated every time code is submitted (by using update_bash_history_info() in the pre-exercise code), it’s advised to only use this function as the second part of a check_correct() to help students debug the command they haven’t correctly run yet. Look at the examples to see what could go wrong.

If bash history info is only updated at the start of an exercise, this can be used everywhere as the (cumulative) commands from all submissions are known.

Example:

The goal of an exercise is to use man.

If the exercise doesn’t have built-in support for bash history SCTs, update the bash history info in the pre-exercise code:

update_bash_history_info()

In the SCT, check whether a command with man was used:

Ex().has_command("$man\s", "Your command should start with ``man ...``.")

Example:

The goal of an exercise is to use touch to create two files.

In the pre-exercise code, put:

update_bash_history_info()

This SCT can cause problems:

Ex().has_command("touch.*file1", "Use `touch` to create `file1`")
Ex().has_command("touch.*file2", "Use `touch` to create `file2`")

If a student submits after running touch file0 && touch file1 in the console, they will get feedback to create file2. If they submit again after running touch file2 in the console, they will get feedback to create file1, since the SCT only has access to commands after the last bash history info update (only the second command in this case). Only if they execute all required commands in a single submission the SCT will pass.

A better SCT in this situation checks the outcome first and checks the command to help the student achieve it:

Ex().check_correct(
    check_file('file1', parse=False),
    has_command("touch.*file1", "Use `touch` to create `file1`")
)
Ex().check_correct(
    check_file('file2', parse=False),
    has_command("touch.*file2", "Use `touch` to create `file2`")
)

prepare_validation(state: protowhat.State.State, commands: List[str], bash_history_path: Optional[str] = None) → protowhat.State.State¶

Let the exercise validation know what shell commands are required to complete the exercise

Import using from protowhat.checks import prepare_validation.

Parameters:

state – State instance describing student and solution code. Can be omitted if used with Ex().
commands – List of strings that a student is expected to execute
bash_history_path (str | Path) – path to the bash history file

Example:

The goal of an exercise is to run a build and check the output.

At the start of the SCT, put:

Ex().prepare_validation(["make", "cd build", "ls"])

Further down you can now use has_command.

update_bash_history_info(bash_history_path=None)¶

Store the current number of commands in the bash history

get_bash_history can use this info later to get only newer commands.

Depending on the wanted behaviour this function should be called at the start of the exercise or every time the exercise is submitted.

Import using from protowhat.checks import update_bash_history_info.

Electives¶

has_chosen(state, correct, msgs)¶

Test multiple choice exercise.

Test for a MultipleChoiceExercise. The correct answer (as an integer) and feedback messages are passed to this function.

Parameters:	correct (int) – the index of the correct answer (should be an instruction). Starts at 1. msgs (list(str)) – a list containing all feedback messages belonging to each choice of the student. The list should have the same length as the number of options.

success_msg(message)¶: Set the succes message of the sct. This message will be the feedback if all tests pass. :param message: A string containing the feedback message. :type message: str

allow_errors(state)¶

Allow running the student code to generate errors.

This has to be used only once for every time code is executed or a different xwhat library is used. In most exercises that means it should be used just once.

Example:	The following SCT allows the student code to generate errors: Ex().allow_errors()

fail(state, msg='fail')¶

Always fails the SCT, with an optional msg.

This function takes a single argument, msg, that is the feedback given to the student. Note that this would be a terrible idea for grading submissions, but may be useful while writing SCTs. For example, failing a test will highlight the code as if the previous test/check had failed.

Example:

As a trivial SCT example,

Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().fail()

This can also be helpful for debugging SCTs, as it can be used to stop testing as a given point.

Tutorial¶

pythonwhat uses the . to ‘chain together’ SCT functions. Every chain starts with the Ex() function call, which holds the exercise state. This exercise state contains all the information that is required to check if an exercise is correct, which are:

the student submission and the solution as text, and their corresponding parse trees.
a reference to the student process and the solution process.
the output and errors that were generated when executing the student code.

As SCT functions are chained together with ., the Ex() exercise state is copied and adapted into ‘sub states’ to zoom in on particular parts of the state. Before this terminology blows your brains out, let’s have a look at some basic examples.

Example 1: output¶

Assume we want to robustly check whether a student correctly printed out a sentence:

print('hi, my name is DataCamp')

The following SCT would do that:

Ex().has_output(r'[H|h]i,\s+my name is \w+')

Let’s see what happens when the SCT runs:

Ex() returns the ‘root state’, which considers the entire student submission and solution code, a reference to the student and solution process, and the output and errors generated.
has_output(r'<regex>') fetches the output the student generated from the root state and checks whether it can match the specified regular expression against it.
- If the student had submitted print('Hi, my name is Filip'), the regex will match, the SCT will pass, and the student is presented with a congratulatory message.
- If the student had submitted print('Hi,mynameis'_, the regex will not have found a match, the SCT will fail, and pythonwhat will automatically generate a feedback message.

Example 2: function call¶

Assume we want to check whether a student correctly called the DataFrame function of the pandas package.

import pandas as pd
pd.DataFrame([1, 2, 3])

The following SCT would do that:

Ex().check_function('pandas.DataFrame').check_args('data').has_equal_value()

Assume the student submits the following (incorrect) script:

import pandas as pd
pd.DataFrame([1, 2, 3, 4])

Let’s see what happens when the SCT runs:

Ex() returns the ‘root state’, which considers the entire student submission and solution code:

# solution
import pandas as pd
pd.DataFrame([1, 2, 3])

# student
import pandas as pd
pd.DataFrame([1, 2, 3, 4])

check_function('pandas.DataFrame') continues from the root state (considering the entire student submission and solution), and looks for a call of pd.DataFrame in both. It finds them, and ‘zooms in’ on the arguments. In simplified terms, this is the state that check_function() produces:
```
# solution args
{ "data": [1, 2, 3] }

# student arg
{ "data": [1, 2, 3, 4] }
```
check_args('data') continues from the state produced by check_function() and looks for the "data" argument in both the student and solution arguments. It finds it in both and produces a state that zooms in on the expression used to specify this argument:
```
# solution expression for data arg
[1, 2, 3]

# student expression for data arg
[1, 2, 3, 4]
```
Finally, has_equal_value() takes the state produced by check_args(), executes the student and solution expression in their respective processes, and verifies if they give the same result. In this example, the results of the expressions don’t match: a 3-element array vs a 4-element array. Hence, the SCT fails and automatically generates a meaningful feedback message.

Example 3: if statement¶

As a more advanced example, assume we want to check that the student coded up an if statement correctly:

x = 4
if x > 0:
    print("x is strictly positive")

The following SCT would do that:

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().has_code(r'x\s+>\s+0'), # chain A
    check_body().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value() # chain B
    )

Notice how this time, multi() is used to have the SCT chains ‘branch out’; both check_body() and check_test() continue from the state produced by check_if_else().

Case 1¶

In the first case, assume the following incorrect student submission:

x = 4
if x < 0:
    print("x is negative")

In chain A, this is what happens:

check_if_else() considers the entire submission received from Ex(), looks for the first if-else statement in both student and solution code, and produces a child state that zooms in on onlty these if statements:
```
# solution
if x > 0:
    print("x is strictly positive")

# student
if x < 0:
    print("x is negative")
```
check_test() considers the state above produced by check_if_else() and produces a child state that zooms in on the condition parts of the if statements:
```
# solution
x > 0

# student
x < 0
```
has_code() considers the state above produced by check_test() and tries to match the regexes to the x < 0 student snippet. The regex does not match, so the test fails.

Case 2¶

Assume now that the student corrects the mistake and submits the following (which is still not correct):

x = 4
if x > 0:
    print("x is negative")

Chain A will go through the same steps and will pass this time as x > 0 in the student submission now matches the regex. In Chain B:

check_body() considers the state produced by check_if_else(), and produces a child state that zooms in on the body parts of the if statements:
```
# solution
print("x is strictly positive")

# student
print("x is negative")
```
check_function() considers the state above produced by check_if_else(), and tries to find the function print(). Next, it produces a state that refers to the different function arguments and the expressions used to specify them:
```
# solution
{ "value": "x is strictly positive" }

# student
{ "value": "x is negative" }
```
check_args(0) looks for the first argument in the state produced by check_function() and produces a child state that zooms in on the expressions for the value argument:
```
# solution
"x is strictly positive"

# student
"x is negative"
```
Finally, has_equal_value() takes the state produced by check_args(), executes the student and solution expression in their respective processes, and verifies if they give the same result. The result of executing "x is strictly positive" and "x is negative" don’t match so the SCT fails.

Caution

We strongly advise against using has_code() to verify the correctness of excerpts of a student submission. Visit the ‘checking compount statements’ article to take a deeper dive.

What is good feedback?¶

For larger exercises, you’ll often want to be flexible: if students get the end result right, you don’t want to be picky about how they got there. However, when they do make a mistake, you want to be specific about the mistake they are making. In other words, a good SCT is robust against different ways of solving a problem, but specific when something’s wrong.

These seemingly conflicting requirements can be satisfied with check_correct(). It is an extremely powerful function that should be used whenever it makes sense. The Make your SCT robust article is highly recommended reading.

For other guidelines on writing good SCTs, check out the ‘How to write good SCTs’ section on DataCamp’s general SCT documentation page.

Checking function calls¶

Basic functionality¶

Take the following example that checks whether a student used the round() function correctly:

# solution
round(2.718282, ndigits = 3)

# sct
Ex().check_function("round").multi(
    check_args("number").has_equal_value(),
    check_args("ndigits").has_equal_value()
)

# submissions that pass:
round(2.718282, 3)
round(2.718282, ndigits = 3
round(number=2.718282, ndigits=3)
round(ndigits=3, number=2.718282)
val=2.718282; dig=3; round(val, dig)
val=2.718282; dig=3; round(number=val, dig)
int_part = 2; dec_part = 0.718282; round(int_part + dec_part, 3)

check_function() checks whether round() is called by the student, and parses all the arguments.
check_args() checks whether a certain argument was specified, and zooms in on the expression used to specify that argument.
has_equal_value() will rerun the expressions used to specify the arguments in both student and solution process, and compare the results.

Note

In check_args() you can refer to the argument of a function call both by argument name and by position.

Customizations¶

If you only want to check the number parameter, just don’t include a second chain with check_args("ndigits"):

Ex().check_function("round").check_args("number").has_equal_value()

If you only want to check whether the number parameter was specified, but not that it was specified correctly, drop has_equal_value():

Ex().check_function("round").check_args("number")

If you just want to check whether the function was called, drop check_args():

Ex().check_function("round")

If you want to compare the ‘string versions’ of the expressions used to set the arguments instead of the evaluated result of these expressions, you can use has_equal_ast() instead of has_equal_value():

Now, the following submissions would fail:

val=2.718282; dig=3; round(val, dig) – the string representation of val in the student code is compared to 2.718282 in the solution code.
val=2.718282; dig=3; round(number=val, dig) – same
int_part = 2; dec_part = 0.718282; round(int_part + dec_part, 3) – the string representation of int_part + dec_part in the student code is compered to 2.718282 in the solution code.

As you can see, doing exact string comparison of arguments is not a good idea here, as it is very inflexible. There are cases, however, where it makes sense to use this, e.g. when there are very big objects passed to functions, and you don’t want to spend the processing power to fetch these objects from the student and solution processes.

Functions in packages¶

If you’re testing whether function calls of particular packages are used correctly, you should always refer to these functions with their ‘full name’. Suppose you want to test whether the function show of matplotlib.pyplot was called, use this SCT:

Ex().check_function("matplotlib.pyplot.show")

check_function() can handle it when a student used aliases for the python packages (all import and import * from * calls are supported). If the student did not properly call the function, check_function() will automatically generate a feedback message that corresponds to how the student imported the modules/functions.

has_equal_value? has_equal_ast?¶

In the customizations section above, you could already notice the difference between has_equal_value() and has_equal_ast() for checking whether arguments are correct. The former reruns the expression used to specify the argument in both student and solution process and compares their results, while the latter simply compares the expression’s AST representations. Clearly, the former is more robust, but there are some cases in which has_equal_ast() can be useful:

For better feedback. When using has_equal_ast(), the ‘expected x got y’ message that is automatically generated when the arguments don’t match up will use the actual expressions used. has_equal_value() will use string representations of the evaluations of the expressions, if they make sense, and this is typically less useful.
To avoid very expensive object comparisons. If you are 100% sure that the object people have to pass as an argument is already correct (because you checked it earlier in the SCT or because it was already specified in the pre exercise code) and doing an equality check on this object between student and solution project is likely going to be expensive, then you can safely use has_equal_ast() to speed things up.
If you want to save yourself the trouble of building exotic contexts. You’ll often find yourself checking function calls in e.g. a for loop. Typically, these function calls will use objects that were generated inside the loop. To easily unit test the body of a for loop, you’ll typically have to use set_context() and set_env(). For exotic for loops, this can become tricky, and it might be a quick fix to be a little more specific about the object names people should use, and just use has_equal_ast() for the argument comparison. That way, you’re bypassing the need to build up a context in the student/solution process and do object comparisions.

Signatures¶

The round() example earlier in this article showed that a student can call the function in a multitude of ways, specifying arguments by position, by keyword or a mix of those. To be robust against this, pythonwhat uses the concept of argument binding.

More specifically, each function has a function signature. Given this signature and the way the function was called, argument binding can map each parameter you specified to an argument. This small demo fetches the signature of the open function and tries to bind arguments that have been specified in two different ways. Notice how the resulting bound arguments are the same:

>>> import inspect

>>> sig = inspect.signature(open)

>>> sig
<Signature (file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)>

>>> sig.bind('my_file.txt', mode = 'r')
<BoundArguments (file='my_file.txt', mode='r')>

>>> sig.bind(file = 'my_file.txt', mode = 'r')
<BoundArguments (file='my_file.txt', mode='r')>

When you’re using check_args() you are actually selecting these bound arguments. This works fine for functions like round() and open() that have a list of named arguments, but things get tricky when dealing with functions that take *args and *kwargs.

`*args` example¶

Python allows functions to take a variable number of unnamed arguments through *args, like this function:

def multiply(*args):
    res = 1
    for num in args:
        res *= num
    return res

Let’s see what happens when different calls are bound to their arguments:

>>> import inspect

>>> inspect.signature(multiply)
<Signature (*args)>

>>> sig = inspect.signature(multiply)

>>> sig
<Signature (*args)>

>>> sig.bind(1, 2)
<BoundArguments (args=(1, 2))>

>>> sig.bind(3, 4, 5)
<BoundArguments (args=(3, 4, 5))>

Notice how now the list of arguments is grouped under a tuple with the name args in the bound arguments. To be able to check each of these arguments individually, pythonwhat allows you to do repeated indexing in check_args(). Instead of specifying the name of an argument, you can specify a list of indices:

# solution to check against
multiply(2, 3, 4)

# corresponding SCT
Ex().check_function("multiply").multi(
    check_args(["args", 0]).has_equal_value(),
    check_args(["args", 1]).has_equal_value(),
    check_args(["args", 2]).has_equal_value()
)

The check_args() subchains each zoom in on a particular tuple element of the bound args argument.

`**kwargs` example¶

Python allows functions to take a variable number of named arguments through **kwargs, like this function:

def my_dict(**kwargs):
    return dict(**kwargs)

Let’s see what happens when different calls are bound to their arguments:

>>> import inspect

>>> sig = inspect.signature(my_dict)

>>> sig.bind(a = 1, b = 2)
<BoundArguments (kwargs={'b': 2, 'a': 1})>

>>> sig.bind(c = 2, b = 3)
<BoundArguments (kwargs={'b': 3, 'c': 2})>

Notice how now the list of arguments is grouped under a dictionary name kwargs in the bound arguments. To be able to check each of these arguments individually, pythonwhat allows you to do repeated indexing in check_args(). Instead of specifying the name of an argument, you can specify a list of indices:

# solution to check against
my_dict(a = 1, b = 2)

# corresponding SCT
Ex().check_function("my_dict").multi(
    check_args(["kwargs", "a"]).has_equal_value(),
    check_args(["kwargs", "b"]).has_equal_value()
)

The check_args() subchains each zoom in on a particular dictionary element of the bound kwargs argument.

Manual signatures¶

Unfortunately for a lot of Python’s built-in functions no function signature is readily available because the function has been implemented in C code. To work around this, pythonwhat already includes manually specified signatures for functions such as print(), str(), hasattr(), etc, but it’s still possible that some signatures are missing.

That’s why check_function() features a signature parameter, that is True by default. If pythonwhat can’t retrieve a signature for the function you want to test, you can pass an object of the class inspect.Signature to the signature parameter.

Suppose, for the sake of example, that check_function() can’t find a signature for the round() function. In a real situation, you will be informed about a missing signature through a backend error. To be able to implement this SCT, you can use the sig_from_params() function:

sig = sig_from_params(param("number", param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD),
                      param("ndigits", param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, default=0))
Ex().check_function("round", signature=sig).multi(
    check_args("number").has_equal_value(),
    check_args("ndigits").has_equal_value()
)

You can pass sig_from_params() as many parameters as you want.

param is an alias of the Parameter class that’s inside the inspect module. - The first argument of param() should be the name of the parameter, - The second argument should be the ‘kind’ of parameter. param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD tells check_function that the parameter can be specified either through a positional argument or through a keyword argument. Other common possibilities are param.POSITIONAL_ONLY and param.KEYWORD_ONLY (for a full list, refer to the docs). - The third optional argument allows you to specify a default value for the parameter.

Note

If you find vital Python functions that are used very often and that are not included in pythonwhat by default, you can let us know and we’ll add the function to our list of manual signatures.

Multiple function calls¶

Inside check_function() the index argument (0 by default), becomes important when there are several calls of the same function. Suppose that your exercise requires the student to call the round() function twice: once on pi and once on Euler’s number:

# Call round on pi
round(3.14159, 3)

# Call round on e
round(2.71828, 3)

To test both these function calls, you’ll need the following SCT:

Ex().check_function("round", 0).multi(
    check_args("number").has_equal_value()
    check_args("ndigits").has_equal_value()
)
Ex().check_function("round", 1).multi(
    check_args("number").has_equal_value()
    check_args("ndigits").has_equal_value()
)

The first check_function() chain, where index=0, looks for the first call of round() in both student solution code, while check_funtion() with index=1 will look for the second function call. After this, the rest of the SCT chain behaves as before.

Methods¶

Methods are Python functions that are called on objects. For testing this, you can also use check_function(). Consider the following examples, that calculates the mean() of the column a in the pandas data frame df:

# pec
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({ 'a': [1, 2, 3, 4] })

# solution
df.a.mean()

# sct
Ex().check_function('df.a.mean').has_equal_value()
```

The SCT is checking whether the method df.a.mean was called in the student code, and whether rerunning the call in both student and solution process is returning the same result.

As a more advanced example, consider this example of chained method calls:

# pec
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({ 'type': ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b'], 'val': [1, 2, 3, 4] })

# solution
df.groupby('type').mean()

# sct
Ex().check_function('df.groupby').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
Ex().check_function('df.groupby.mean', signature=sig_from_obj('df.mean')).has_equal_value()

Here:

The first SCT is checking whether df.groupby() was called and whether the argument for df.groupby() was specified correctly to be 'type'.
The second SCT is first checking whether df.groupby.mean() was called and whether calling it gives the right result. Notice several things:
- We describe the entire chain of method calls, leaving out the parentheses and arguments used for method calls in between.
- We use sig_from_obj() to manually specify a Python expression that pythonwhat can use to derive the signature from. If the string you use to describe the function to check evaluates to a method or function in the solution process, like for 'df.groupby', pythonwhat can figure out the signature. However, for 'df.groupby.mean' will not evaluate to a method object in the solution process, so we need to manually specify a valid expression that will evaluate to a valid signature with sig_from_obj().

In this example, you are only checking whether the function is called and whether rerunning it gives the correct result. You are not checking the actual arguments, so there’s actually no point in trying to match the function call to its signature. In cases like this, you can set signature=False, which skips the fetching of a signature and the binding or arguments altogether:

# pec
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({ 'type': ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b'], 'val': [1, 2, 3, 4] })

# solution
df.groupby('type').mean()

# sct
Ex().check_function('df.groupby').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
Ex().check_function('df.groupby.mean', signature=False).has_equal_value()

Warning

Watch out with disabling signature binding as a one-stop solution to make your SCT run without errors. If there are arguments to check, argument binding makes sure that various ways of calling the function can all work. Setting signature=False will skip this binding, which can cause your SCT to mark perfectly valid student submissions as incorrect!

Note

You can also use the sig_from_params() function to manually build the signature from scratch, but this this more work than simply specifying the function object as a string from which to extract the signature.

Make your SCT robust¶

For larger exercises, you’ll often want to be flexible: if students get the end result right, you don’t want to be picky about how they got there. However, when they do make a mistake, you want to be specific about the mistake they are making. These seemingly conflicting requirements can be satisfied with check_correct() and check_or().

`check_correct()`¶

To explain the concept of check_correct(), consider this example:

# setup
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

# calculate result
result = np.mean(arr)

You want the SCT to pass when the student manages to store the correct value in the object result. How result was calculated, does not matter to you: as long as result is correct, the SCT should accept the submission. If something about result is not correct, you want to dig a little deeper and see if the student used the np.mean() function correctly. The following SCT will do just that:

Ex().check_correct(
    check_object("result").has_equal_value(),
    check_function("numpy.mean").check_args("a").has_equal_value()
)

Inside check_correct(), two SCT chains are specified, separated by a comma:

A check chain, that has to pass in all cases, but when it fails, it doesn’t immediately stop the SCT execution and fail the exercise.
A diagnose chain, that is only execute if the check chain failed silently.

In the example, we’re checking the end value of result first. Only if this is not correct, will the check_function() chain be run, to verify if the student used numpy.mean. If the diagnose chain does not fail, the check` chain is executed again ‘loudly’.

Let’s see what happens in case of different student submissions:

The student submits result = np.mean(arr)
- check_correct() runs the check_object() chain.
- This test passes, so check_correct() stops.
- The SCT passes.
The student submits result = np.sum(arr) / arr.size
- check_correct() runs the check_object() chain.
- This test passes, so check_correct() stops before running check_function().
- The entire SCT passes even though np.mean() was not used.
The student submits result = np.mean(arr + 1)
- check_correct() runs the check_object() chain.
- This test fails, so check_correct() continues with the diagnose part, running the check_function() chain.
- This chain fails, since the argument passed to numpy.mean() in the student submission does not correspond to the argument passed in the solution.
- A meaningful, specific feedback message is presented to the student: you did not correctly specify the arguments inside np.mean().
The student submits result = np.mean(arr) + 1
- check_correct() runs the check_object() chain.
- This test fails, so check_correct() continues with the diagnose part, running the check_function() chain.
- This function passes, because np.mean() is called in exactly the same way in the student code as in the solution.
- Because there is something wrong - result is not correct - the check chain is executed again, and this time its feedback on failure is presented to the student.
- The student gets the message that result does not contain the correct value.

Multiple functions in `diagnose` and check¶

It is perfectly possible for your check and diagnose SCT chains to branch out into different sub-branches with multi():

Ex().check_correct(
    multi(
      check_object('a').has_equal_value(), # multiple check SCTs
      check_object('b').has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_function("numpy.mean").check_args("a").has_equal_value()
)

Why use check_correct()¶

You will find that check_correct() is an extremely powerful function& to allow for different ways of solving the same problem. You can use check_correct() to check the end result of a calculation. If the end result is correct, you can go ahead and accept the entire exercise. If the end result is incorrect, you can use the diagnose part of check_correct() to dig a little deeper.

It is also perfectly possible to use check_correct() inside another check_correct().

`check_or()`¶

check_or() tests whether one of the SCTs you specify inside it passes. Suppose you want to check whether people correctly printed out any integer between 3 and 7. A solution could be:

print(4)

To test this in a robust way, you could use has_code() with a suitable regular expression that covers everything, or you can use check_or() with three separate has_code() functions:

Ex().check_or(has_code('4'),
                has_code('5'),
                has_code('6'))

You can consider check_or() a logic-inducing function. The different calls to pythonwhat functions that are in your SCT are actually all tests that _have_ to pass: they are AND tests. With check_or() you can add chunks of OR tests in there.

Checking through string matching¶

has_code¶

With has_code(), you can look through the student’s submission to find a match with a search pattern you have specified.

If pattern = True, the default, the text is used as a regular expression to match against.
If pattern = False, has_code() will consider the text you pass as an actual string that has to be found exactly.

Caution

It is often tempting to use has_code() as it’s straightforward to use, but you should avoid using this function, as it imposes severe restrictions on how a student can solve an exercise. Often, there are many different ways to solve an exercise. Unless you have a very advanced regular expression, has_code() will not be able to accept all these different approaches. Always think about better ways to test a student submission before you resort to has_code().

Take the following example:

# solution
s = sum(range(10))

# sct that checks whether sum(range( is in the code
Ex().has_code("sum\s*\(\s*range\s*\(", not_typed_msg="You didn't use ``range()`` inside ``sum()``.")

We also used not_typed_msg here to specify the feedback message shown to the student if has_code() doesn’t pass.

has_equal_ast¶

AST stands for abstract syntax tree; it is a way of representing the high-level structure of python code. As the name suggests, has_equal_ast() verifies whether the code portion under consideration has the same AST representation in student and solution. Compared to has_code(), it is more robust to small syntactical details that are equivalent.

Quotes: the AST for x = "1" or x = '1' will be the same.
Parentheses: Grouping by parentheses produces the same AST, when the same statement would work the same without them. (True or False) and True, and True or False and True, are the same due to operator precedence.
Spacing: x = 1 or x = 1 have the same AST.

The AST does not represent is values that are found through evaluation. For example, the first item in the list in

x = 1
[x, 2, 3]

and

[1, 2, 3]

Is not the same. In the first case, the AST represents that a variable x needs to be evaluated in order to find out what its value is. In the second case, it just represents the value 1.

Caution

Note that it is not a good idea to use Ex().has_equal_ast(), effectively comparing the entire solution with the entire student submission. It is a good idea, however, to use has_equal_ast for checking small excerpts of code when checking compound statements, for example to inspect the test part of an if statement.

As an example, consider this example that checks whether a student correclty coded a condition in a for loop (note that there are better ways to check this with has_equal_value()!):

# solution
x = 3
if x % 2 == 0:
    print('x is even')

# sct
Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().has_equal_ast(),
    check_body().has_equal_output()
)

# passing submission 1
x = 3
if (x % 2 == 0):
    print('x is even')

# passing submission 2
x = 3
if x%2==0:
    print('x is even')

# failing submission
x = 3
if 0 == x % 2:
    print('x is even')

Here, the Ex().check_if_else().check_test() chain zooms in on the test part of the if statement. With has_equal_ast() you are checking whether the AST representation of the test in the solution, x % 2 == 0 is also found in the test specified by the student. Notice that has_equal_ast() is not robust against a simple switching the order of the operands of the == operator. A better SCT here would not use string (or AST) matching in the first place and rerun the test for different values of `x:

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi(
        set_env(x = 3).has_equal_value(),
        set_env(x = 4).has_equal_value(),
        set_env(x = 4).has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().has_equal_output()
)

Checking compound statements¶

As described in the official Python documentation, compound statements contain (groups of) other statements; they affect or control the execution of those other statements in some way. In general, compound statements span multiple lines, although in simple incarnations a whole compound statement may be contained in one line.

if, while, for, try, and with statements are all examples of compounds statements, and pythonwhat contains functionality to check all of these, - as well as function definitions, list and dictionary comprehensions, generator expressions and lambda functions - in a consistent fashion.

Inner workings¶

The if statement example in the tutorial describes how different check_ functions zoom into a specific part of a submission and solution, producing a child state, to which additional SCT functions can be chained. The check_if_else() function scanned the code for an if statement, and broke it into three parts: a test, the body and the orelse part; the former two were dived into with the SCT functions check_test and check_body. Notice that the naming is consistent: the test part that check_if_else() surfaces can be inspected with check_test(). The body part that check_if_else() unearths can be inspected with check_body.

Similar to how if statements has a check_if_else associated with it, all other compound statements have corresponding check_ functions to perform this action of looking up a statement, and chopping it up into its constituents that can be inspected with check_<part>():

check_for_loop() will look for a for loop, an break it up into a iter, body and orelse part, that can be zoomed in on using check_iter(), check_body() and check_orelse() respectively.
check_list_comp() will look for a list comprehension and break it up into a iter, ifs and body part, that can be zoomed in on using check_iter(), check_ifs() and check_body() respectively.
etc.

For specific examples on checking for loops, list comprehensions, function definitions etc., visit the reference. Every function is documented with a full example and corresponding explanation. All of these examples are specific to a single construct, but of course you can combine things up to crazy levels.

Crazy combo, example 1¶

Suppose you want to check whether a function definition containing a for loop was coded correctly as follows:

def counter(lst, key):
    count = 0
    for l in lst:
        count += l[key]
    return count

The following SCT would robustly verify this:

Ex().check_function_def('counter').check_correct(
    multi(
        check_call("f([{'a': 1}], 'a')").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f([{'b': 1}, {'b': 2}], 'b')").has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().set_context([{'a': 1}, {'a': 2}], 'a').set_env(count = 0).check_for_loop().multi(
        check_iter().has_equal_value(),
        check_body().set_context({'a': 1}).has_equal_value(name = 'count')
    )
)

Some notes about this SCT:

check_correct() is used so the body is not further checked if calling the function in different ways produces the same value in both student and solution process.
set_context() is used twice. Once to set the context variables introduced by the function definition, and once to set the context variable introducted by the for loop.
set_env() had to be used to initialize count to a variable that was scoped only to the function definition.

Overview of all supported compound statements¶

The table below summarizes all checks that pythonwhat supports to test compound statements.

Code in all caps indicates the name of a piece of code that may be inspected using check_{part}, where {part} is replaced by the name in caps (e.g. check_if_else().check_test()).
If the statement produces context variables, these are referred to in the parts column and listed in the context variables column. The names used are just to refer to which context variable comes from where; you are totally free in naming your context variables.

check	parts	context variables
check_if_else()	if TEST: BODY else: ORELSE
check_while()	while TEST: BODY else: ORELSE
check_list_comp()	[BODY for i in ITER if IFS[0] if IFS[1]]	`i`
check_generator_exp()	(BODY for i in ITER if IFS[0] if IFS[1])	`i`
check_dict_comp()	{KEY : VALUE for k, v in ITER if IFS[0]}	`k`, `v`
check_for_loop()	for i, j in ITER: BODY else: ORELSE	`i`, `j`
check_try_except()	try: BODY except BaseException as e: HANDLERS['BaseException'] except: HANDLERS['all'] else: ORELSE finally: FINALBODY	`e`
check_with()	with CONTEXT[0] as f1, CONTEXT[1] as f2: BODY	`f`
check_function_def(‘f’)	def f(ARGS[0], ARGS[1]): BODY	argument names
check_lambda_function()	lambda ARGS[0], ARGS[1]: BODY	argument names
check_class_def(‘f’)	class KLS(BASES[0], BASES[1]): BODY

Expression tests¶

Expression tests run pieces of the student and solution code, and then check the resulting value, printed output, or errors they produce.

`has_equal` syntax¶

Once student/submission code has been selected using a check function, we can run it using one of three functions. They all take the same arguments, and run the student and submission code in the same way. However, they differ in how they compare the outcome:

has_equal_value() - compares the value returned by the code.
has_equal_output() - compares printed output.
has_equal_error() - compares any errors raised.

Basic Usage¶

Running the whole code submission¶

In the example below, we re-run the entire student and submission code, and check that they print out the same output.

# solution
x = [1,2,3]
print(x)

# sct
Ex().has_equal_output()

Note that while we could have used has_output() to verify that the student printed "[1, 2, 3]", using has_equal_output simply requires that the student output matches the solution output.

Running part of the code¶

Combining an expression test with part checks will run only a piece of the submitted code. The example below first uses has_equal_value to run an entire if expression, and then to run only its body.

# solution
x = [1,2,3]
sum(x) if x else None

# sct to test body of if expression
(Ex().check_if_exp()       # focus on if expression
     .has_equal_value()   # run entire if expression, check value
     .check_body()        # focus on body "sum(x)"
     .has_equal_value()   # run body, check value
     )

Note

Because has_equal_value() returns the exact same state as it was passed, commands chaining off of has_equal_value behave as they would have if has_equal_value weren’t used.

Context Values¶

Suppose we want the student to define a function, that loops over the elements in a dictionary, and prints out each key and value, as follows:

# solution
def print_dict(my_dict):
    for key, value in my_dict.items():
        print(key + " - " + str(value))

An appropriate SCT for this exercise could be the following (for clarity, we’re not using any default messages):

# get for loop code, set context for my_dict argument
for_loop = (Ex()
     .check_function_def('print_dict')          # ensure 'print_dict' is defined
     .check_body()                              # get student/solution code in body
     .set_context(my_dict = {'a': 2, 'b': 3})   # set print_dict's my_dict arg
     .check_for_loop()                         # ensure for loop is defined
     )

# test for loop iterator
for_loop.check_iter().has_equal_value()         # run iterator (my_dict.items())
# test for loop body
for_loop.check_body().set_context(key = 'c', value = 3).has_equal_value()

Assuming the student coded the function in the exact same way as the solution, the following things happen:

checks whether print_dict is defined, then gets the code for the function definition body.
because print_dict takes an argument my_dict, which would be undefined if we ran the body code, set_context defines what my_dict should be when running the code. Note that its okay if the submitted code named the argument my_dict something else, since set_context matches submission / solution arguments up by position.

When running the bottom two SCTs for the for_loop

for_loop.check_iter().has_equal_value() - runs the code for the iterator, my_dict.items() in the solution and its corresponding code in the submission, and compares the values they return.
for_loop.check_body().set_context(key = 'c', value = 3).has_equal_value() - runs the code in the for loop body, print(key + " - " + str(value)) in the solution, and compares outputs. Since this code may use variables the for loop defined, key and value, we need to define them using set_context.

How are context values matched?¶

Context values are matched by position. For example, the submission and solution codes…

# solution
for ii, x in enumerate(range(3)): print(ii)

# student submission
for jj, y in enumerate(range(3)): print(jj)

Using Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().set_context(...) will do the following…

statement	solution (ii, x)	submission (jj, y)
set_context(ii=1, x=2)	ii = 1, x = 2	jj = 1, y = 2
set_context(ii=1)	ii = 1, x is undefined	jj = 1, y is undefined
set_context(x=2)	ii is undefined, x = 2	jj is undefined, y = 2

Note

If set_context does not define a variable, nothing is done with it. This means that in the code examples above, running the body of the for loop would call print with ::ii:: or ::jj:: left at 2 (the values they have in the solution/submission environments).

Context values for nested parts¶

Context values may now be defined for nested parts. For example, the print statement below,

for i in range(2):              # outer for loop part
    for j in range(3):          # inner for loop part
        print(i + j)

may be tested by setting context values at each level,

(Ex()
    .check_for_loop().check_body().set_context(i = 1)    # outer for
    .check_for_loop().check_body().set_context(j = 2)    # inner for
        .has_equal_output()
    )

`pre_code`: fixing mutations¶

Python code commonly mutates, or changes values within an object. For example, the variable x points to an object that is mutated every time a function is called.

x = {'a': 1}

def f(d): d['a'] += 1

f(x)     # x['a'] == 2 now
f(x)     # x['a'] == 3 now

In this case, when f is run, it changes the contents of x as a side-effect and returns None. When using SCTs that run expressions, mutations in either the solution or submission environment can cause very confusing results. For example, calling np.random.random() will advance numpy’s random number generator. Consider the markdown source for an exercise that illustrates this.

`@pre_exercise_code`
```{python}
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(42)               # set random generator seed to 42
```

`@solution`
```{python}
if True: np.random.random()      # 1st random call: .37

np.random.random()               # 2nd random call: .95
```

`@sct`
```{python}
# Should pass but fails, because random generator has advanced
# twice in solution, but only once in submission
Ex().check_if_else().check_body().has_equal_value()
```

Assume this student submission:

if True: np.random.random()      # 1st random call: .37

# forgot 2nd call to np.random.random()

In this situation the random seed is set to 42, but the solution code advances the random generator further than the submission code. As a result the SCT will fail. In order to test random code, the random generator needs to be at the same state between submission and solution environments. Since their generators can be thrown out of sync, the most reliable way to do this is to set the seed using the pre_code argument to has_equal_value. In the case above, the SCT may be fixed as follows

Ex().check_if_else().check_body().has_equal_value(pre_code = "np.random.seed(42)")

More generally, it can be helpful to define a pre_code variable to use before expression tests…

pre_code = """
np.random.seed(42)
"""

Ex().has_equal_output(pre_code=pre_code)
Ex().check_if_else().check_body().has_equal_value(pre_code = pre_code)

`extra_env`¶

As illustrated in the Advanced part checking section of the Checking compound statements article, set_env() (as a function) or extra_env (as an arugment) can be used to temporarily override the student and solution process to run an expression in multiple situations.

Setting extra environment variables is similar to pre_code, in that you can (re)define objects in the student and submission environment before running an expression. The difference is that, rather than passing a string that is executed in each environment, extra_env lets you pass objects directly. For example, the three SCT chains below are equivalent…

Ex().has_equal_value(pre_code="x = 10")
Ex().set_env(x = 10).has_equal_value()
Ex().has_equal_value(extra_env = {'x': 10})

In practice they can often be used interchangably. However, one area where extra_env may shine is in mocking up data objects before running tests. For example, if the SCT below didn’t use extra_env, then it would take a long time to run.

`@pre_exercise_code`
```{python}
a_list = list(range(10000000))
```

`@solution`
```{python}
print(a_list[1])
```

`@sct`
```{python}
Ex().set_env(a_list = list(range(10))).has_equal_output()
```

The reason extra_env is important here, is that pythonwhat tries to make a deepcopy of lists, so that course developers don’t get bit by unexpected mutations. However, the larger the list, the longer it takes to make a deepcopy. If an SCT is running slowly, there’s a good chance it uses a very large object that is being copied for every expression test.

`expr_code`: change expression¶

The expr_code argument takes a string, and uses it to replace the code that would be run by an expression test. For example, the markdown source for the following exercise simply runs len(x) in the solution and student environments.

`@solution`
```{python}
# keep x the same length
x = [1,2,3]
```

`@sct`
```{python}
Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value(expr_code="len(x)")
```

Note

Using expr_code does not change how expression tests perform highlighting. This means that Ex().for_loop().has_equal_value(expr_code="x[0]") would highlight the body of the checked for loop.

`func`: Override the equality function¶

After running the expression in question, the has_equal_x function will compare the result/output/error of the expression using a built-in equality function. This equality function is geared towards the types of objects you are trying to compare and does its job just fine in 99% of the cases. However, there are cases where you want to customize the equality operation. To do this, you can set func to be function that takes two arguments and returns a boolean.

Reiterating over the example from the expr_code section above, you can write an equivalent SCT with func instead of expr_code:

`@solution`
```{python}
# keep x the same length
x = [1,2,3]
```

`@sct`
```{python}
Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value(func = lambda x, y: len(x) == len(y))
```

Processes¶

As explained on the SCT authoring homepage, DataCamp’s Python coding backends use uses two separate processes: one process to run the solution code, and one process to run the student’s submission. As such, pythonwhat has access to the ‘ideal ending scenario’ of an exercises, which in turn makes it easier to write SCTs. Instead of having to specify which value an object should be, we can have pythonwhat look into the solution process and compare the object in that process with the object in the student process.

Problem¶

Fetching Python objects or the results of running expressions inside a process is not straightforward. To be able to pull data from a process, Python needs to ‘dill’ and ‘undill’ files: it converts the Python objects to a byte representation (dilling) that can be passed between processes, and then, inside the process that you want to work with the object, builds up the object from the byte representation again (undilling).

For the majority of Python objects, this conversion to and from a byte representation works fine, but for some more complex objects, it doesn’t.

If you’re writing an SCT with functions that require work in the solution process, such as has_equal_value(), and you try it out in an exercise, it is possible that you’ll get the following backend error:

... dilling inside process failed - write manual converter
... undilling of bytestream failed - write manual converter

The first error tells you that ‘dilling’ - converting the object to a bytestream representation - failed. The second error tells you that ‘undilling’ - converting the byte representation back to a Python object - failed. These errors will typically occur if you’re dealing with exotic objects, such as objects that interface to files, connections to databases, etc.

Solution¶

To be able to handle these errors, pythonwhat allows you to write your own converters for Python objects. Say, for example, that you’re writing an exercise to import Excel data into Python, and you’re using the pandas package:

import pandas as pd
xl = pd.ExcelFile('battledeath.xlsx')

This is the corresponding SCT:

Ex().check_object(‘xl’).has_equal_value()

Suppose now that objects such as xl, which are of the type pandas.io.excel.ExcelFile, can’t be properly dilled and undilled. (Because of hardcoded converters inside pythonwhat, they can, see below). To make sure that you can still use check_object('xl') to test the equality of the xl object between student and solution process, you can manually define a converter with the set_converter() function. You can extend the SCT as follows:

def my_converter(x):
    return(x.sheet_names)
set_converter(key = "pandas.io.excel.ExcelFile", fundef = my_converter)
Ex().check_object('xl').has_equal_value()

With a lambda function, it’s even easier:

set_converter(key = "pandas.io.excel.ExcelFile", fundef = lambda x: x.sheet_names)
Ex().check_object('xl').has_equal_value()

The first arguemnt of set_converter(), the key takes the type of the object you want to add a manual converter for as a string. The second argument, fundef, takes a function definition, taking one argument and returning a single object. This function definition converts the exotic object into something more standard. In this case, the function converts the object of type pandas.io.excel.ExcelFile into a simple list of strings. A list of strings is something that can easily be converted into a bytestream and back into a Python object again, hence solving the problem.

If you want to reuse the same manual converter over different exercises, you’ll have to use set_converter() in every SCT.

Hardcoded converters¶

Next to primitive classes like str, int, list, dict, … and objects with a semantically correct implemenation of ==, there are also a bunch of often-used complex objects that don’t have a proper implementation of ==. For example, the result of calling .keys() and .items() on dictionaries can’t be dilled and undilled without extra work. To handle these common yet problematic situations, pythonwhat features a list of hardcoded converters, so that you don’t have to manually specify them each time. This list is available in the source code. Feel free to do a pull request if you want to add more converts to this list, which will reduce the amount of code duplication you have to do if you want to reuse the same converter in different exercises.

Customize equality¶

The set_converter() function opens up possibilities for objects that can actually be dilled and undilled perfectly fine. Say you want to test a numpy array, but you only want to check only if the dimensions of the array the student codes up match those in the solution process. You can easily write a manual converter that overrides the typical dilling and undilling of Numpy arrays, implementing your custom equality behavior:

# solution
import numpy as np
my_array = np.array([[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]])

# sct
set_converter(key = "numpy.ndarray", fundef = lambda x: x.shape)
Ex().check_object('my_array').has_equal_value()

# both these submissions will pass
my_array = np.array([[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]])
my_array = np.array([[0,0], [0,0], [5,6]])

SingleProcessExercise¶

Introduction¶

Typical interactive exercises on DataCamp will be of the type NormalExercise or something similar.

For these normal exercises, the pythonbackend (the Python package responsible for running Python code that the student submitted) will execute:

the solution code in a solution process (once, at exercise initialization),
the student’s submission in a student process (every time the student hits submit, after which the process is restarted from scratch)
the student’s experimentation commands in the console in a console process (every time the user executes a command, without restarting afterwards)

These completely separate processes make sure that:

the different commands do not interfere with one another; if you import a package in one process, the package will not become available in the other process.
pythonwhat has access to a ‘target solution process’ to easily do comparisons; to compare an object x, you simply have to use Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value() and pythonwhat will figure out the value x should have from the solution process.

To learn more about how the backend works, you can visit this wiki article.

Why does this exercise type exist?¶

There are Python courses that make extensive use of programs running outside of Python. Sometimes, these programs cannot handle it well when different Python process are trying to interface with it. An example of this is PySpark, where on container startup, a Spark cluster is started up, that you can then interface with. Things go horribly wrong if you try to access this PySpark cluster from different Python processes.

To solve for this, a new exercise type was built, that does not create three separate Python processes (solution, student, console). Instead, only one process is created:

the solution code is not executed in this process.
the student’s sumission is executed in this process, but the process is not restarted afterwards
the student’s experimentation commands in the console are executed in the same process.

From a user perspective, this shouldn’t pose too much difficulties, with the exception that the code execution is now stateful.

So, what’s the problem then?¶

As mentioned earlier, pythonwhat depends heavily on the existence of two separate process: a ‘target’ solution process, and a student process. Functions such as `has_equal_value() compare values and the results of expression in these processes. In the SingleProcessExercise, the student process and the solution process are identical, it’s one and the same process, so these comparisons don’t make any sense.

Therefore, the ‘process-based checks’ in pythonwhat have to be used with care when writing SCTs for a SingleProcessExercise. More specifically:

check_object() should work okay, as there is some magic happening behind the scenes.
has_equal_value() and has_equal_output() should be used with the override argument. When this argument is specified, the expression that is ‘zoomed in on’ in the solution code will not be executed in the solution proces. Instead, it will just take the value you pass to override to compare the result/output of the expression that is zoomed in on in the student code to.

Example¶

As an example, suppose we want to check whether a student correctly created a list x:

# solution
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

If this solution were part of a traditional NormalExercise, your SCT would be simple:

# SCT
Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

However, if this solution were part of a SingleProcessExercise, the above SCT would not work. Instead, you’ll want to do the following:

# SCT
Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value(override = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

Here, we use override to tell pythonwhat not to go look for the value of x in the solution process. Instead, it uses the manually specified value in override to compare to.

You can use override in combination with other arguments in has_equal_x(), such as expr_code. Suppose you’re only interested in the element at index 2 of the list x:

# SCT
Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value(expr_code = 'x[2]', override = 3)

Tricky stuff, but it works!

Electives¶

Success message¶

When all tests in an SCT pass, pythonwhat will automatically generate a congratulatory message to present to the student. If you want to override this ‘success message’, you can use the success_msg() function.

Ex().check_object("x").has_equal_value()
success_msg("You are a hero when it comes to variable assignment!")

This article on the authoring docs describes how to write good success messages.

Multiple choice exercises¶

Multiple choice exercises are straightforward to test. Use has_chosen() to provide tailored feedback for both the incorrect options, as the correct option. Below is the markdown source for a multiple choice exercise example, with an SCT that uses has_chosen:

## The author of Python

```yaml
type: MultipleChoiceExercise
```

Who is the author of the Python programming language?

`@instructions`

- Roy Co
- Ronald McDonald
- Guido van Rossum

`@sct`

```{python}
Ex().has_chosen(correct = 3,
                msgs = ["That's someone who makes soups.",
                        "That's a clown who likes burgers.",
                        "Correct! Head over to the next exercise!"])
```

correct specifies the number of the correct answer in this list (1-base indexed).
msgs argument should be a list of strings with a length equal to the number of options. We encourage you to provide feedback messages that are informative and tailored to the (incorrect) option that people selected.

Notice that there’s no need for success_msg() in multiple choice exercises, as you have to specify the success message inside has_chosen(), along with the feedback for incorrect options.

Capabilities of multi¶

multi() is always used to ‘branch’ different chains of SCT functions, so that the same state is passed to two sub-chains. There are different ways

Comma separated arguments¶

Most commonly, multi() is used to convert this code

Ex().check_if_exp().check_body().has_equal_value()
Ex().check_if_exp().check_test().has_equal_value()

into this equivalent (and more performant) SCT:

Ex().check_if_exp().multi(
        check_body().has_equal_value(),
        check_test().has_equal_value()
        )

List or generator of subtests¶

Rather than one or more subtest args, multi can take a single list or generator of subtests. For example, the code below checks that the body of a list comprehension has equal value for 10 possible values of the iterator variable, i.

Ex().check_list_comp()
    .check_body()
    .multi(set_context(i=x).has_equal_value() for x in range(10))

Chaining off multi¶

Multi returns the same state, or focus, it was given, so whatever comes after multi will run the same as if multi wasn’t used. For example, the code below tests a list comprehension’s body, followed by its iterator.

Ex().check_list_comp() \
    .multi(check_body().has_equal_value()) \
    .check_iter().has_equal_value()

has_context¶

Tests whether context variables defined by the student match the solution, for a selected block of code. A context variable is one that is defined in a looping or block statement. For example, ii in the code below.

[ii + 1 for ii in range(3)]

By default, the test fails if the submission code does not have the same number of context variables. This is illustrated below.

# solution
# ii and ltr are context variables
for ii, ltr in enumerate(['a']): pass

# sct
Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().has_context()

# passing submission
# still 2 variables, just different names
for jj, Ltr in enumerate(['a']): pass

# failing submission
# only 1 variable
for ii in enumerate(['a']): pass

Note

If you use has_context(exact_names = True), then the submission must use the same names for the context variables, which would cause the passing submission above to fail.

set_context¶

Sets the value of a temporary variable, such as ii in the list comprehension below.

[ii + 1 for ii in range(3)]

Variable names may be specified using positional or keyword arguments.

Example¶

# solution
ltrs = ['a', 'b']
for ii, ltr in enumerate(ltrs):
    print(ii)

# sct
Ex().check_for_loop().check_body() \
    .set_context(ii=0, ltr='a').has_equal_output() \
    .set_context(ii=1, ltr='b').has_equal_output()

Note that if a student replaced ii with jj in their submission, set_context would still work. It uses the solution code as a reference. While we specified the target variables ii and ltr by name in the SCT above, they may also be given by position..

Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().set_context(0, 'a').has_equal_output()

with_context¶

with_context(state, *args, child=None)

Runs subtests after setting the context for a with statement.

This function takes arguments in the same form as multi.

Context Managers Explained¶

With statements are special in python in that they enter objects called a context manager at the beginning of the block, and exit them at the end. For example, the object returned by open('fname.txt') below is a context manager.

with open('fname.txt') as f:
    print(f.read())

This code runs by

assigning f to the context manager returned by open('fname.txt')
calling f.__enter__()
running the block
calling f.__exit__()

with_context was designed to emulate this sequence of events, by setting up context values as in step (1), and replacing step (3) with any sub-tests given as arguments.

Test to Check¶

If you are looking at the SCTs of old DataCamp courses, you’ll notice they use test_x() functions instead of check_x() functions, and there is no usage of Ex(). The test_x() way of doing things has now been phased out in favor of the more transparent and composable check_x() functions that start with Ex() and are chained together with the . operator.

Common cases¶

Whenever you come across an SCT that uses test_x() functions, you’ll make everybody’s life easier by converting it to a check_x()-based SCT. Below are the most common cases you will encounter, together with instructions on how to translate from one to the other.

Something you came across that you didn’t find in this list? Just create an issue on GitHub. Content Engineering will explain how to translate the SCT and update this article.

`test_student_typed`¶

# Solution
y = 1 + 2 + 3

# old SCT
test_student_typed(r'1\s*\+2\s*\+3')

# new SCT
Ex().has_code(r'1\s*\+2\s*\+3')

`test_object`¶

# Solution
x = 4

# old SCT (checks equality by default)
test_object('x')

# new SCT
Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

# Solution
x = 4

# old SCT
test_object('x', do_eval=False)

# new SCT
Ex().check_object('x')

`test_function`¶

# Solution
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
np.mean(arr)

# old SCT (checks all args specified in solution)
test_function('numpy.array')

# new SCT
Ex().check_function('numpy.array').check_args('a').has_equal_value()

# Solution
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
np.mean(arr)
np.mean(arr + arr)

# old SCT (1-based indexed)
test_function('numpy.array', index=1)
test_function('numpy.array', index=2)

# new SCT (0-based indexed)
Ex().check_function('numpy.array', index=0).check_args('a').has_equal_value()
Ex().check_function('numpy.array', index=1).check_args('a').has_equal_value()

`test_function_v2`¶

# Solution
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
np.mean(arr)

# old SCT (explicitly specify args)
test_function_v2('numpy.array', params=['a'], index=1)

# new SCT
Ex().check_function('numpy.array', index=0).check_args('a').has_equal_value()

`test_correct`¶

# Solution
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

# old SCT (use lambdas to defer execution)
test_correct(lambda: test_object('arr'),
             labmda: test_function('numpy.array'))

# new SCT (no need for lambdas)
Ex().check_correct(check_object('arr').has_equal_value(),
                   check_function('numpy.array').check_args('a').has_equal_value())

Enforcing check functions¶

For newer courses an updated version of the base Docker image is used that sets the PYTHONWHAT_V2_ONLY environment variable. When this variable is set, pythonwhat will no longer allow sct authors to use the old test_x() functions. If you are updating the Docker image for courses that have old skool SCTs, this would mean you have to rewrite all the SCTs to their check equivalents to make the build pass. If you want to work around this, thus being able to use test functions even with the latest base image, you can include the following line of code in your requirements.sh file:

echo "import os; os.environ['PYTHONWHAT_V2_ONLY'] = '0'" > /home/repl/.startup.py

Tests¶

Note

The examples are numbered and linkable, but numbers (and links) can change between builds of the documentation.

test_check_list_comp.py¶

Example 1¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

No student code

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

The system wants to check the first list comprehension but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 2¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key for key in x.keys()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Did you correctly specify the iterable part? Expected <code>[('a', 2), ('b', 3), ('c', 4), ('d', 'test')]</code>, but got <code>['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']</code>.

No error

Example 3¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[a + str(b) for a,b in x.items()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Have you used the correct iterator variables?

No error

Example 4¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + '_' + str(val) for key,val in x.items()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected <code>a2</code>, but got <code>a_2</code>.

No error

Example 5¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Have you used 2 ifs?

No error

Example 6¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if hasattr(key, 'test') if hasattr(key, 'test')]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Did you correctly specify the first if? Did you call <code>isinstance()</code>?

No error

Example 7¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if hasattr(key, 'test')]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Did you correctly specify the second if? Did you call <code>isinstance()</code>?

No error

Example 8¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(key, str)]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

Check your call of <code>isinstance()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>obj</code>? Expected <code>val</code>, but got <code>key</code>.

No error

Example 9¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, str)]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg=None,
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg=None,
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2]),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False]),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False])],
               insufficient_ifs_msg=None)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 10¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

No student code

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

notcalled

No error

Example 11¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key for key in x.keys()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

iterincorrect

No error

Example 12¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[a + str(b) for a,b in x.items()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

Check the first list comprehension. incorrectitervars

No error

Example 13¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + '_' + str(val) for key,val in x.items()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

bodyincorrect

No error

Example 14¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

Check the first list comprehension. insufficientifs

No error

Example 15¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if hasattr(key, 'test') if hasattr(key, 'test')]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

notcalled1

No error

Example 16¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if hasattr(key, 'test')]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

notcalled2

No error

Example 17¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(key, str)]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

incorrect2

No error

Example 18¶

PEC

x = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':'test'}

Solution code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, int)]

Student code

[key + str(val) for key,val in x.items() if isinstance(key, str) if isinstance(val, str)]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(index=1,
               not_called_msg='notcalled',
               comp_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(incorrect_msg = 'iterincorrect'),
               iter_vars_names=True,
               incorrect_iter_vars_msg='incorrectitervars',
               body=lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = ['a', 2], incorrect_msg = 'bodyincorrect'),
               ifs=[lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled1', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2'),
                    lambda: test_function_v2('isinstance', params = ['obj'], do_eval = [False], not_called_msg = 'notcalled2', incorrect_msg = 'incorrect2')],
               insufficient_ifs_msg='insufficientifs')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 19¶

No PEC

Solution code

[[col for col in range(5)] for row in range(5)]

Student code

[[col + 1 for col in range(5)] for row in range(5)]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(1, body = lambda: test_list_comp(1, body = lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = [4])))

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected <code>4</code>, but got <code>5</code>.

No error

Example 20¶

No PEC

Solution code

[[col for col in range(5)] for row in range(5)]

Student code

[[col for col in range(5)] for row in range(5)]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(1, body = lambda: test_list_comp(1, body = lambda: test_expression_result(context_vals = [4])))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 21¶

PEC

x = {'a':1, 'b':2}

Solution code

[key for key, value in x.items()]

Student code

[a for a in x.items()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(1, iter_vars_names=False)

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Have you used 2 iterator variables?

No error

Example 22¶

PEC

x = {'a':1, 'b':2}

Solution code

[key for key, value in x.items()]

Student code

[a for a in x.items()]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).has_context()

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Have you used the correct iterator variable names? Was expecting <code>(key, value)</code> but got <code>a</code>.

No error

Example 23¶

PEC

x = {'a':1, 'b':2}

Solution code

[key for key, value in x.items()]

Student code

[a for a,b in x.items()]

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(1, iter_vars_names=False)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 24¶

PEC

x = {'a':1, 'b':2}

Solution code

[key for key, value in x.items()]

Student code

[a for a,b in x.items()]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).has_context()

Result

Great work!

No error

test_test_exercise.py¶

Example 1¶

PEC

#no pec

Solution code

x = 4

Student code

x = 4

No output

SCT

test_object("x")
success_msg("nice")

Result

nice

No error

Example 2¶

PEC

#no pec

Solution code

x = 6

Student code

x = 4

No output

SCT

test_object("x")
success_msg("nice")

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>6</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 3¶

PEC

#no pec

Solution code

x = 6

Student code

x = y

No output

SCT

# no sct

Result

Your code generated an error. Fix it and try again!

Error

name 'y' is not defined

Example 4¶

PEC

# no pec

Solution code

x = 6

Student code

print "yolo"

No output

SCT

test_object("x")

Result

Your code can not be executed due to a syntax error:<br><code>Missing parentheses in call to 'print' (script.py, line 1).</code>

Error

Missing parentheses in call to 'print' (<string>, line 1)

Example 5¶

PEC

# no pec

Solution code

x = 6

Student code

print("yolo")

No output

SCT

test_object("x")

Result

Your code could not be parsed due to an error in the indentation:<br><code>unexpected indent (script.py, line 1).</code>

Error

unexpected indent (<string>, line 1)

Example 6¶

PEC

# no pec

Solution code

x = 6

No student code

No output

SCT

test_object("x")

Result

Did you define the variable <code>x</code> without errors?

No error

test_messaging.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1, 3)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args(1).has_equal_value()

Result

Did you call <code>round()</code>?

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1, 3)

Student code

round(1)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args(1).has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you specify the second argument?

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1, 3)

Student code

round(1, a)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args(1).has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the second argument? Running it generated an error: <code>name 'a' is not defined</code>.

Error

name 'a' is not defined

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1, 3)

Student code

round(1, 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args(1).has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the second argument? Expected <code>3</code>, but got <code>2</code>.

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1, 3)

Student code

round(1, ndigits = 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args(1).has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the second argument? Expected <code>3</code>, but got <code>2</code>.

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1, 3)

Student code

round(1)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args("ndigits").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you specify the argument <code>ndigits</code>?

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1, 3)

Student code

round(1, a)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args("ndigits").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>ndigits</code>? Running it generated an error: <code>name 'a' is not defined</code>.

Error

name 'a' is not defined

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1, 3)

Student code

round(1, 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args("ndigits").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>ndigits</code>? Expected <code>3</code>, but got <code>2</code>.

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(2)

Student code

round(3)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args(0).has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>2</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

Example 10¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(2)

Student code

round(1 + 1)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args(0).has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>2</code>, but got <code>1 + 1</code>.

No error

Example 11¶

No PEC

Solution code

list("test")

Student code

list("wrong")

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("list", signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>list()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>"test"</code>, but got <code>"wrong"</code>.

No error

Example 12¶

No PEC

Solution code

list("test")

Student code

list("te" + "st")

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("list", signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>list()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>"test"</code>, but got <code>"te" + "st"</code>.

No error

Example 13¶

PEC

a = 3
b=3

Solution code

round(b)

Student code

round(a)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round", signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>b</code>, but got <code>a</code>.

No error

Example 14¶

PEC

a = 3
b=3

Solution code

round(b)

Student code

round(b + 1 - 1)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round", signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>b</code>, but got <code>b + 1 - 1</code>.

No error

Example 15¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd; pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

import pandas as pd

No output

SCT

test_function_v2('pandas.DataFrame')

Result

Did you call <code>pd.DataFrame()</code>?

No error

Example 16¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd; pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

import pandas as pad

No output

SCT

test_function_v2('pandas.DataFrame')

Result

Did you call <code>pad.DataFrame()</code>?

No error

Example 17¶

No PEC

Solution code

import numpy as np; x = np.random.rand(1)

Student code

import numpy as nump

No output

SCT

test_function_v2('numpy.random.rand')

Result

Did you call <code>nump.random.rand()</code>?

No error

Example 18¶

No PEC

Solution code

import numpy as np; x = np.random.rand(1)

Student code

from numpy.random import rand as r

No output

SCT

test_function_v2('numpy.random.rand')

Result

Did you call <code>r()</code>?

No error

Example 19¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)
round(3)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().multi([ check_function("round", index=i).check_args(0).has_equal_value() for i in range(3) ])

Result

Did you call <code>round()</code>?

No error

Example 20¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)
round(3)

Student code

round(1)

No output

SCT

Ex().multi([ check_function("round", index=i).check_args(0).has_equal_value() for i in range(3) ])

Result

Did you call <code>round()</code> twice?

No error

Example 21¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)
round(3)

Student code

round(1)
round(5)

No output

SCT

Ex().multi([ check_function("round", index=i).check_args(0).has_equal_value() for i in range(3) ])

Result

Check your second call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>2</code>, but got <code>5</code>.

No error

Example 22¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)
round(3)

Student code

round(1)
round(2)

No output

SCT

Ex().multi([ check_function("round", index=i).check_args(0).has_equal_value() for i in range(3) ])

Result

Did you call <code>round()</code> three times?

No error

Example 23¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)
round(3)

Student code

round(1)
round(2)
round(5)

No output

SCT

Ex().multi([ check_function("round", index=i).check_args(0).has_equal_value() for i in range(3) ])

Result

Check your third call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>3</code>, but got <code>5</code>.

No error

Example 24¶

PEC

import pandas as pd; df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': ['x', 'x', 'y']})

Solution code

df.groupby('b').a.value_counts(normalize = True)

Student code

df.groupby('a')

No output

SCT

from pythonwhat.signatures import sig_from_obj
import pandas as pd
Ex().check_function('df.groupby').check_args(0).has_equal_ast()
Ex().check_function('df.groupby.a.value_counts', signature = sig_from_obj(pd.Series.value_counts)).check_args('normalize').has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>df.groupby()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>'b'</code>, but got <code>'a'</code>.

No error

Example 25¶

PEC

import pandas as pd; df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': ['x', 'x', 'y']})

Solution code

df.groupby('b').a.value_counts(normalize = True)

Student code

df.groupby('b').a.value_counts()

No output

SCT

from pythonwhat.signatures import sig_from_obj
import pandas as pd
Ex().check_function('df.groupby').check_args(0).has_equal_ast()
Ex().check_function('df.groupby.a.value_counts', signature = sig_from_obj(pd.Series.value_counts)).check_args('normalize').has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>df.groupby.a.value_counts()</code>. Did you specify the argument <code>normalize</code>?

No error

Example 26¶

PEC

import pandas as pd; df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': ['x', 'x', 'y']})

Solution code

df.groupby('b').a.value_counts(normalize = True)

Student code

df[df.b == 'x'].groupby('b').a.value_counts()

No output

SCT

from pythonwhat.signatures import sig_from_obj
import pandas as pd
Ex().check_function('df.groupby').check_args(0).has_equal_ast()
Ex().check_function('df.groupby.a.value_counts', signature = sig_from_obj(pd.Series.value_counts)).check_args('normalize').has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>df.groupby.a.value_counts()</code>. Did you specify the argument <code>normalize</code>?

No error

Example 27¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 5

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you define the variable <code>x</code> without errors?

No error

Example 28¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 5

Student code

x = 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>2</code>.

No error

Example 29¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = 3

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'])

Result

Did you correctly define the pandas DataFrame <code>df</code>? Is it a DataFrame?

No error

Example 30¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = 3

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd; Ex().check_object('df', typestr = 'pandas DataFrame').is_instance(pd.DataFrame).check_keys('a').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the pandas DataFrame <code>df</code>? Is it a DataFrame?

No error

Example 31¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({"b": [1]})

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'])

Result

Did you correctly define the pandas DataFrame <code>df</code>? There is no column <code>'a'</code>.

No error

Example 32¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({"b": [1]})

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd; Ex().check_object('df', typestr = 'pandas DataFrame').is_instance(pd.DataFrame).check_keys('a').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the pandas DataFrame <code>df</code>? There is no column <code>'a'</code>.

No error

Example 33¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1]})

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'])

Result

Did you correctly define the pandas DataFrame <code>df</code>? Did you correctly set the column <code>'a'</code>? Expected something different.

No error

Example 34¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1]})

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd; Ex().check_object('df', typestr = 'pandas DataFrame').is_instance(pd.DataFrame).check_keys('a').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the pandas DataFrame <code>df</code>? Did you correctly set the column <code>'a'</code>? Expected something different.

No error

Example 35¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

y = 3; df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1]})

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'])

Result

Did you correctly define the pandas DataFrame <code>df</code>? Did you correctly set the column <code>'a'</code>? Expected something different.

No error

Example 36¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

y = 3; df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1]})

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd; Ex().check_object('df', typestr = 'pandas DataFrame').is_instance(pd.DataFrame).check_keys('a').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the pandas DataFrame <code>df</code>? Did you correctly set the column <code>'a'</code>? Expected something different.

No error

Example 37¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

x = {}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? There is no key <code>'a'</code>.

No error

Example 38¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

x = {"b": 3}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? There is no key <code>'a'</code>.

No error

Example 39¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

x = {"a": 3}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Did you correctly set the key <code>'a'</code>? Expected <code>2</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

Example 40¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

y = 3; x = {"a": 3}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Did you correctly set the key <code>'a'</code>? Expected <code>2</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

Example 41¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(1.23)

Student code

round(2.34)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value(incorrect_msg = 'argrwong')
Ex().check_object('x', missing_msg='objectnotdefined').has_equal_value('objectincorrect')

Result

argrwong

No error

Example 42¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(1.23)

Student code

round(1.23)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value(incorrect_msg = 'argrwong')
Ex().check_object('x', missing_msg='objectnotdefined').has_equal_value('objectincorrect')

Result

objectnotdefined

No error

Example 43¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(1.23)

Student code

x = round(1.23) + 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value(incorrect_msg = 'argrwong')
Ex().check_object('x', missing_msg='objectnotdefined').has_equal_value('objectincorrect')

Result

objectincorrect

No error

Example 44¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a = 1): return a

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').check_args('a').has_equal_part('is_default', msg='not default').has_equal_value()

Result

The system wants to check the definition of <code>test()</code> but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 45¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a = 1): return a

Student code

def test(b): return b

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').check_args('a').has_equal_part('is_default', msg='not default').has_equal_value()

Result

Check the definition of <code>test()</code>. Did you specify the argument <code>a</code>?

No error

Example 46¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a = 1): return a

Student code

def test(a): return a

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').check_args('a').has_equal_part('is_default', msg='not default').has_equal_value()

Result

Check the definition of <code>test()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>a</code>? not default

No error

Example 47¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a = 1): return a

Student code

def test(a = 2): return a

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').check_args('a').has_equal_part('is_default', msg='not default').has_equal_value()

Result

Check the definition of <code>test()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>a</code>? Expected <code>1</code>, but got <code>2</code>.

No error

Example 48¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a, b): print(a + b); return a + b

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').multi(
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_output(),
    check_call('f(3, 1)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, "2")').has_equal_error()
)

Result

The system wants to check the definition of <code>test()</code> but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 49¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a, b): print(a + b); return a + b

Student code

def test(a, b): return 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').multi(
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_output(),
    check_call('f(3, 1)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, "2")').has_equal_error()
)

Result

Check the definition of <code>test()</code>. To verify it, we reran <code>test(1, 2)</code>. Expected <code>3</code>, but got <code>1</code>.

No error

Example 50¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a, b): print(a + b); return a + b

Student code

def test(a, b): return a + b

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').multi(
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_output(),
    check_call('f(3, 1)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, "2")').has_equal_error()
)

Result

Check the definition of <code>test()</code>. To verify it, we reran <code>test(1, 2)</code>. Expected the output <code>3</code>, but got <code>no printouts</code>.

No error

Example 51¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a, b): print(a + b); return a + b

Student code

def test(a, b):
    if a == 3:
        raise ValueError('wrong')
    print(a + b)
    return a + b

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').multi(
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_output(),
    check_call('f(3, 1)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, "2")').has_equal_error()
)

Result

Check the definition of <code>test()</code>. To verify it, we reran <code>test(3, 1)</code>. Running the higlighted expression generated an error: <code>wrong</code>.

No error

Example 52¶

No PEC

Solution code

def test(a, b): print(a + b); return a + b

Student code

def test(a, b): print(int(a) + int(b)); return int(a) + int(b)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('test').multi(
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, 2)').has_equal_output(),
    check_call('f(3, 1)').has_equal_value(),
    check_call('f(1, "2")').has_equal_error()
)

Result

Check the definition of <code>test()</code>. To verify it, we reran <code>test(1, "2")</code>. Running the higlighted expression didn't generate an error, but it should!

No error

Example 53¶

No PEC

Solution code

echo_word = (lambda word1, echo: word1 * echo)

Student code

echo_word = (lambda word1, echo: word1 * echo * 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_lambda_function().check_call("f('test', 2)").has_equal_value()

Result

Check the first lambda function. To verify it, we reran it with the arguments <code>('test', 2)</code>. Expected <code>testtest</code>, but got <code>testtesttesttest</code>.

No error

Example 54¶

No PEC

Solution code

class A(str):
  def __init__(self): pass

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_class_def('A').multi( check_bases(0).has_equal_ast(), check_body().check_function_def('__init__').check_body().has_equal_ast() )

Result

The system wants to check the class definition of <code>A</code> but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 55¶

No PEC

Solution code

class A(str):
  def __init__(self): pass

Student code

def A(x): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_class_def('A').multi( check_bases(0).has_equal_ast(), check_body().check_function_def('__init__').check_body().has_equal_ast() )

Result

The system wants to check the class definition of <code>A</code> but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 56¶

No PEC

Solution code

class A(str):
  def __init__(self): pass

Student code

class A(): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_class_def('A').multi( check_bases(0).has_equal_ast(), check_body().check_function_def('__init__').check_body().has_equal_ast() )

Result

Check the class definition of <code>A</code>. Are you sure you defined the first base class?

No error

Example 57¶

No PEC

Solution code

class A(str):
  def __init__(self): pass

Student code

class A(int): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_class_def('A').multi( check_bases(0).has_equal_ast(), check_body().check_function_def('__init__').check_body().has_equal_ast() )

Result

Check the class definition of <code>A</code>. Did you correctly specify the first base class? Expected <code>str</code>, but got <code>int</code>.

No error

Example 58¶

No PEC

Solution code

class A(str):
  def __init__(self): pass

Student code

class A(str):
  def __not_init__(self): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_class_def('A').multi( check_bases(0).has_equal_ast(), check_body().check_function_def('__init__').check_body().has_equal_ast() )

Result

Check the class definition of <code>A</code>. Did you correctly specify the body? The system wants to check the definition of <code>__init__()</code> but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 59¶

No PEC

Solution code

class A(str):
  def __init__(self): pass

Student code

class A(str):
  def __init__(self): print(1)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_class_def('A').multi( check_bases(0).has_equal_ast(), check_body().check_function_def('__init__').check_body().has_equal_ast() )

Result

Check the definition of <code>__init__()</code>. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected <code>pass</code>, but got <code>print(1)</code>.

No error

Example 60¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().has_import('pandas', same_as=True)

Result

Did you import <code>pandas</code>?

No error

Example 61¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd

Student code

import pandas

No output

SCT

Ex().has_import('pandas', same_as=True)

Result

Did you import <code>pandas</code> as <code>pd</code>?

No error

Example 62¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd

Student code

import pandas as pan

No output

SCT

Ex().has_import('pandas', same_as=True)

Result

Did you import <code>pandas</code> as <code>pd</code>?

No error

Example 63¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().has_import('pandas', same_as=True, not_imported_msg='wrong', incorrect_as_msg='wrongas')

Result

wrong

No error

Example 64¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd

Student code

import pandas

No output

SCT

Ex().has_import('pandas', same_as=True, not_imported_msg='wrong', incorrect_as_msg='wrongas')

Result

wrongas

No error

Example 65¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd

Student code

import pandas as pan

No output

SCT

Ex().has_import('pandas', same_as=True, not_imported_msg='wrong', incorrect_as_msg='wrongas')

Result

wrongas

No error

Example 66¶

No PEC

Solution code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for key, value in my_dict.items():
    x = key + ' - ' + str(value)
    print(x)

Student code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for key, value in my_dict.items(): x = key + ' -- ' + str(value)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().set_context('a', 1).multi(has_equal_value(name = 'x'), has_equal_output())

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>x</code>?

No error

Example 67¶

No PEC

Solution code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for key, value in my_dict.items():
    x = key + ' - ' + str(value)
    print(x)

Student code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for key, value in my_dict.items(): x = key + ' - ' + str(value)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().set_context('a', 1).multi(has_equal_value(name = 'x'), has_equal_output())

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected the output <code>a - 1</code>, but got <code>no printouts</code>.

No error

Example 68¶

No PEC

Solution code

result = (num for num in range(31))

Student code

result = (num for num in range(3))

No output

SCT

Ex().check_generator_exp().multi(check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().set_context(4).has_equal_value())

Result

Check the first generator expression. Did you correctly specify the iterable part? Expected <code>range(0, 31)</code>, but got <code>range(0, 3)</code>.

No error

Example 69¶

No PEC

Solution code

result = (num for num in range(31))

Student code

result = (num*2 for num in range(31))

No output

SCT

Ex().check_generator_exp().multi(check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().set_context(4).has_equal_value())

Result

Check the first generator expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected <code>4</code>, but got <code>8</code>.

No error

Example 70¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

No output

SCT

Ex().has_no_error()

Result

Have a look at the console: your code contains an error. Fix it and try again!

Error

name 'c' is not defined

Example 71¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1; print(c)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(
    has_printout(0),
    F().test_correct(
        check_object('c').has_equal_value(),
        F().test_correct(
            check_object('b').has_equal_value(),
            check_object('a').has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

Result

Did you define the variable <code>a</code> without errors?

No error

Example 72¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1; print(c)

Student code

a = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(
    has_printout(0),
    F().test_correct(
        check_object('c').has_equal_value(),
        F().test_correct(
            check_object('b').has_equal_value(),
            check_object('a').has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

Result

Did you define the variable <code>b</code> without errors?

No error

Example 73¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1; print(c)

Student code

a = 1; b = a + 1

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(
    has_printout(0),
    F().test_correct(
        check_object('c').has_equal_value(),
        F().test_correct(
            check_object('b').has_equal_value(),
            check_object('a').has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

Result

Did you define the variable <code>c</code> without errors?

No error

Example 74¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1; print(c)

Student code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(
    has_printout(0),
    F().test_correct(
        check_object('c').has_equal_value(),
        F().test_correct(
            check_object('b').has_equal_value(),
            check_object('a').has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

Result

Have you used <code>print(c)</code> to do the appropriate printouts?

No error

Example 75¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1; print(c)

Student code

print(4)

Student output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(
    has_printout(0),
    F().test_correct(
        check_object('c').has_equal_value(),
        F().test_correct(
            check_object('b').has_equal_value(),
            check_object('a').has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

Result

Did you define the variable <code>a</code> without errors?

No error

Example 76¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1; print(c)

Student code

c = 3; print(c + 1)

Student output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(
    has_printout(0),
    F().test_correct(
        check_object('c').has_equal_value(),
        F().test_correct(
            check_object('b').has_equal_value(),
            check_object('a').has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

Result

Have you used <code>print(c)</code> to do the appropriate printouts?

No error

Example 77¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1; print(c)

Student code

b = 3; c = b + 1; print(c)

Student output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(
    has_printout(0),
    F().test_correct(
        check_object('c').has_equal_value(),
        F().test_correct(
            check_object('b').has_equal_value(),
            check_object('a').has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

Result

Did you define the variable <code>a</code> without errors?

No error

Example 78¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1; b = a + 1; c = b + 1; print(c)

Student code

a = 2; b = a + 1; c = b + 1

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(
    has_printout(0),
    F().test_correct(
        check_object('c').has_equal_value(),
        F().test_correct(
            check_object('b').has_equal_value(),
            check_object('a').has_equal_value()
        )
    )
)

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>a</code>? Expected <code>1</code>, but got <code>2</code>.

No error

Example 79¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(2):
    for j in range(2):
        print(str(i) + "+" + str(j))

Student code

for i in range(2):
    for j in range(2):
        print(str(i) + "-" + str(j))

Student output

0-0
0-1
1-0
1-1

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().check_for_loop().check_body().has_equal_output()

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected the output <code>1+1</code>, but got <code>1-1</code>.

No error

Example 80¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(2):
    for j in range(2):
        print(str(i) + "+" + str(j))

Student code

for i in range(2):
    for j in range(2):
        print(str(i) + "-" + str(j))

Student output

0-0
0-1
1-0
1-1

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().check_body().check_for_loop().disable_highlighting().check_body().has_equal_output()

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected the output <code>1+1</code>, but got <code>1-1</code>.

No error

Example 81¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = [1]

Student code

x = [0]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>[1]</code>, but got <code>[0]</code>.

No error

Example 82¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = [1]

Student code

x = [0]

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_value(name = 'x')

Result

Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>x</code>?

No error

Example 83¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = [1]

Student code

x = [0]

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_value(expr_code = 'x[0]')

Result

Running the expression <code>x[0]</code> didn't generate the expected result.

No error

Example 84¶

No PEC

Solution code

u = 'valid'
if u:
  print('')

Student code

u = 'valid'
if u:
  print('')

Student output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().check_test().has_equal_value(expr_code = '__focus__ == \'valid\'')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 85¶

No PEC

Solution code

u = 'valid'
if u:
  print('')

Student code

u = 'wrong'
if u:
  print('')

Student output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().check_test().has_equal_value(expr_code = '__focus__ == \'valid\'')

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the condition? Running the expression <code>u == 'valid'</code> didn't generate the expected result.

No error

Example 86¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

The system wants to check the first if statement but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 87¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 10: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 88¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 7
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 89¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = 8

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the else part? Did you call <code>round()</code>?

No error

Example 90¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.2121314)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>2.123</code>, but got <code>2.2121314</code>.

No error

Example 91¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 4

Student code

x = 3

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg="__JINJA__:You did {{stu_eval}}, but should be {{sol_eval}}!")

Result

You did 3, but should be 4!

No error

Example 92¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 4

Student code

x = 3

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg="You did {{stu_eval}}, but should be {{sol_eval}}!")

Result

You did 3, but should be 4!

No error

test_converters.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}; print(x.keys())

Student code

x = {'b':2, 'a': 1}; print(x.keys())

Student output

dict_keys(['a', 'b'])

SCT

Ex().check_function('print').check_args('value').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {'france':'paris', 'spain':'madrid'}.items()

Student code

x = {'spain':'madrid', 'france':'paris'}.items()

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 3¶

PEC

import requests; from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

Solution code

soup = BeautifulSoup(requests.get('https://www.python.org/~guido/').text, 'html5lib'); print(soup.title); a_tags = soup.find_all('a')

Student code

soup = BeautifulSoup(requests.get('https://www.python.org/~guido/').text, 'html5lib'); print(soup.title); a_tags = soup.find_all('a')

Student output

<title>Guido's Personal Home Page</title>

SCT

Ex().check_object('soup').has_equal_value(); Ex().check_function('print').check_args('value').has_equal_value(); Ex().check_object('a_tags').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 4¶

PEC

import numpy as np; import h5py; file = 'LIGO_data.hdf5'; from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/L-L1_LOSC_4_V1-1126259446-32.hdf5', 'LIGO_data.hdf5')

Solution code

data = h5py.File(file, 'r'); group = data['strain']

Student code

data = h5py.File(file, 'r'); group = data['strain']

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('file').has_equal_value(); Ex().check_object('data').has_equal_value(); Ex().check_object('group').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

test_test_with.py¶

Example 1¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(1, body = lambda: [test_function('print', index = i + 1) for i in range(3)])

Result

Check your third call of <code>print()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected something different.

No error

Example 2¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(2, body = lambda: test_for_loop(1, body = lambda: test_if_else(1, body = lambda: test_function('print'))))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 3¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(1, body = [test_function('print', index = i + 1) for i in range(3)])

Result

Check your third call of <code>print()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected something different.

No error

Example 4¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(2, body = test_for_loop(1, body = test_if_else(1, body = test_function('print'))))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 5¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

for_test = test_for_loop(1, body = test_if_else(1, body = test_function('print')))
Ex().check_with(1).check_body().with_context(for_test)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 6¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

Ex().check_with(0).check_body().with_context([test_function('print', index = i+1) for i in range(3)])

Result

Check your third call of <code>print()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected something different.

No error

Example 7¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

# since the print func is being tested w/o SCTs setting any variables, don't need with_context
for_test = test_for_loop(1, body = test_if_else(1, body = test_function('print')))
Ex().check_with(1).check_body().multi(for_test)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 8¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file, open('moby_dick.txt'):
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as not_file:
    for i, row in enumerate(not_file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(1, context_vals=True)

Result

Check the first <code>with</code> statement. Make sure to use the correct number of context variables. It seems you defined too many.

No error

Example 9¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file, open('moby_dick.txt'):
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as not_file:
    for i, row in enumerate(not_file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(2, context_vals=True)

Result

Check the second <code>with</code> statement. Did you correctly specify the first context? Make sure to use the correct context variable names. Was expecting <code>file</code> but got <code>not_file</code>.

No error

Example 10¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')
from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'not_moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file, open('moby_dick.txt'):
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file, open('not_moby_dick.txt') as not_file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as not_file, open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(not_file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(1, context_tests=lambda: test_function('open'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 11¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')
from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'not_moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file, open('moby_dick.txt'):
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file, open('not_moby_dick.txt') as not_file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as not_file, open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(not_file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(1, context_tests=[
    lambda: test_function('open'),
    lambda: test_function('open')])

Result

Check the first <code>with</code> statement. Make sure to use the correct number of context variables. It seems you defined too little.

No error

Example 12¶

PEC

from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'moby_dick.txt')
from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/moby_opens.txt', 'not_moby_dick.txt')

Solution code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file, open('moby_dick.txt'):
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file, open('not_moby_dick.txt') as not_file:
    for i, row in enumerate(file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student code

# Read & print the first 3 lines
with open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    print(file.readline())
    print(file.readline())
    print('test')

# The rows that you wish to print
I = [0,1,3,5,6,7,8,9]

# Print out these rows
with open('moby_dick.txt') as not_file, open('moby_dick.txt') as file:
    for i, row in enumerate(not_file):
        if i in I:
            print(row)

Student output

CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

test
CHAPTER 1. Loomings.

little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on

the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating

the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth;

whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find

myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up

the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get

SCT

test_with(2, context_tests=[
    lambda: test_function('open'),
    lambda: test_function('open')])

Result

Check your call of <code>open()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>not_moby_dick.txt</code>, but got <code>moby_dick.txt</code>.

No error

Example 13¶

PEC

class A:
    def __enter__(self): return [1,2, 3]
    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs): return

Solution code

with A() as (one, *others):
    print(one)
    print(others)

Student code

with A() as (one, *others):
    print(one)
    print(others)

Student output

1
[2, 3]

SCT

test_with(1, body=[test_function('print'), test_function('print')])

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 14¶

PEC

from io import StringIO

Solution code

with StringIO() as f1, StringIO() as f2: pass

Student code

with StringIO() as f1, StringIO() as f2: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_with(0).has_context()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 15¶

PEC

from io import StringIO

Solution code

with StringIO() as f1, StringIO() as f2: pass

Student code

with StringIO() as f1: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_with(0).has_context()

Result

Check the first <code>with</code> statement. Are you sure you defined the second context?

No error

Example 16¶

PEC

from io import StringIO

Solution code

with StringIO() as f1, StringIO() as f2: pass

Student code

with StringIO() as f3, StringIO() as f4: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_with(0).has_context(exact_names=True)

Result

Check the first <code>with</code> statement. Did you correctly specify the first context? Make sure to use the correct context variable names. Was expecting <code>f1</code> but got <code>f3</code>.

No error

Example 17¶

PEC

from io import StringIO

Solution code

with StringIO() as f1, StringIO() as f2: pass

Student code

with StringIO() as f1, StringIO() as f2: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_with(0).check_context(0).has_context()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 18¶

PEC

from io import StringIO

Solution code

with StringIO() as f1, StringIO() as f2: pass

Student code

with StringIO() as f3: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_with(0).check_context(0).has_context(exact_names=True)

Result

Check the first <code>with</code> statement. Did you correctly specify the first context?

No error

test_set_context.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

Student code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('shout_echo').check_body().set_context('test', 1).has_equal_value(name = 'shout_words')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

Student code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('shout_echo').check_body().set_context(word1 = 'test', echo = 1).has_equal_value(name = 'shout_words')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout_echo(w, echo=1):
    echo_word = w * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

Student code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('shout_echo').check_body().set_context('test', 1).has_equal_value(name = 'shout_words')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = { m:len(m) for m in ['a', 'b', 'c'] }

Student code

x = { m:len(m) for m in ['a', 'b', 'c'] }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp().check_key().set_context('a').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = { m:len(m) for m in ['a', 'b', 'c'] }

Student code

x = { m:len(m) for m in ['a', 'b', 'c'] }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp().check_key().set_context(m = 'a').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = { n:len(n) for n in ['a', 'b', 'c'] }

Student code

x = { m:len(m) for m in ['a', 'b', 'c'] }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp().check_key().set_context('a').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = { m*2:len(m) for m in ['a', 'b', 'c'] }

Student code

x = { m:len(m) for m in ['a', 'b', 'c'] }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp().check_key().set_context('a').has_equal_value()

Result

Check the first dictionary comprehension. Did you correctly specify the key part? Expected <code>aa</code>, but got <code>a</code>.

No error

test_check_object.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 100

No student code

No output

SCT

test_object('x', undefined_msg='udm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

udm

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 100

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x', missing_msg='udm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

udm

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 100

Student code

x = 1

No output

SCT

test_object('x', undefined_msg='udm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

icm

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 100

Student code

x = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x', missing_msg='udm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

icm

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 100

Student code

x = 100

No output

SCT

test_object('x', undefined_msg='udm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 100

Student code

x = 100

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x', missing_msg='udm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = filter(lambda x: x > 0, [1, 1])

Student code

x = filter(lambda x: x > 0, [0, 1])

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>&lt;filter object at 0x7f6aec420c18&gt;</code>, but got <code>&lt;filter object at 0x7f6aec420eb8&gt;</code>.

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = filter(lambda x: x > 0, [1, 1])

Student code

x = filter(lambda x: x > 0, [1, 1])

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 9¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

x = (np.array([1, 2]), np.array([3, 4]))

Student code

x = (np.array([1, 2]), np.array([1, 2]))

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>(array([1, 2]), array([3, 4]))</code>, but got <code>(array([1, 2]), array([1, 2]))</code>.

No error

Example 10¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

x = (np.array([1, 2]), np.array([3, 4]))

Student code

x = (np.array([1, 2]), np.array([3, 4]))

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 11¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = [4, 5, 6]

Student code

x = [1, 2, 3]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").has_equal_value(func = lambda x,y: len(x) == len(y))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 12¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = [4, 5, 6]

Student code

x = [1, 2, 3, 4]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").has_equal_value(func = lambda x,y: len(x) == len(y))

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>[4, 5, 6]</code>, but got <code>[1, 2, 3, 4]</code>.

No error

Example 13¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])

Student code

arr = 4

No output

SCT

import numpy; Ex().check_object('arr').is_instance(numpy.ndarray)

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>arr</code>? Is it a ndarray?

No error

Example 14¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])

Student code

arr = np.array([1])

No output

SCT

import numpy; Ex().check_object('arr').is_instance(numpy.ndarray)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 15¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

No student code

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'], undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

udm

No error

Example 16¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

No student code

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=None, undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

udm

No error

Example 17¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

No student code

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_object('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='').     is_instance(pd.DataFrame, not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

udm

No error

Example 18¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

No student code

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_df('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='', not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

udm

No error

Example 19¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = 3

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'], undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

ndfm

No error

Example 20¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = 3

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=None, undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

ndfm

No error

Example 21¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = 3

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_object('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='').     is_instance(pd.DataFrame, not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

ndfm

No error

Example 22¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = 3

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_df('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='', not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

ndfm

No error

Example 23¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "b": [1]})

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'], undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

ucm

No error

Example 24¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "b": [1]})

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=None, undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

ucm

No error

Example 25¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "b": [1]})

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_object('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='').     is_instance(pd.DataFrame, not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

ucm

No error

Example 26¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "b": [1]})

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_df('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='', not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

ucm

No error

Example 27¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1]})

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'], undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

icm

No error

Example 28¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1]})

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=None, undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

icm

No error

Example 29¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1]})

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_object('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='').     is_instance(pd.DataFrame, not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

icm

No error

Example 30¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1]})

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_df('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='', not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

icm

No error

Example 31¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1, 2, 3] })

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'], undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 32¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1, 2, 3] })

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=None, undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 33¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1, 2, 3] })

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_object('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='').     is_instance(pd.DataFrame, not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 34¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1, 2, 3] })

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_df('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='', not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 35¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [3, 4, 5] })

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=['a'], undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 36¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [3, 4, 5] })

No output

SCT

test_data_frame('df', columns=None, undefined_msg='udm', not_data_frame_msg='ndfm', undefined_cols_msg='ucm', incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 37¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [3, 4, 5] })

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_object('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='').     is_instance(pd.DataFrame, not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 38¶

PEC

import pandas as pd

Solution code

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]})

Student code

df = pd.DataFrame({ "a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [3, 4, 5] })

No output

SCT

import pandas as pd
Ex().check_df('df', missing_msg='udm', expand_msg='', not_instance_msg='ndfm').     check_keys('a', missing_msg='ucm').has_equal_value(incorrect_msg='icm')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 39¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

x = {}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? There is no key <code>'a'</code>.

No error

Example 40¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

x = {"b": 3}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? There is no key <code>'a'</code>.

No error

Example 41¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

x = {"a": 3}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Did you correctly set the key <code>'a'</code>? Expected <code>2</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

Example 42¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

x = {"a": 2}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 43¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = {"a": 2}

Student code

x = {"a": 2, "b": 3}

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("x").check_keys("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 44¶

PEC

import pandas as pd
users = pd.read_csv('https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_1650/datasets/users.csv')

Solution code

pivot = users.pivot(index='weekday', columns='city')

Student code

pivot = users.pivot(index='weekday', columns='city')

No output

SCT

Ex().test_data_frame('pivot')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 45¶

PEC

import pandas as pd
users = pd.read_csv('https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_1650/datasets/users.csv')

Solution code

pivot = users.pivot(index='weekday', columns='city')

Student code

pivot = users.pivot(index='weekday', columns='city')

No output

SCT

Ex().check_df('pivot').check_keys(('visitors', 'Austin')).has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 46¶

PEC

import scipy.io; from urllib.request import urlretrieve; urlretrieve('https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/production/course_998/datasets/ja_data2.mat', 'albeck_gene_expression.mat')

Solution code

mat = scipy.io.loadmat('albeck_gene_expression.mat')

Student code

mat = scipy.io.loadmat('albeck_gene_expression.mat')

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('mat').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 47¶

No PEC

Solution code

if True:
    a = 10

if False:
    b = 20
else:
    c = 30

for i in range(2):
    d = 40

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 50
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 60
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 70
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 80

# 2 assignments
i = 90
if True:
    i = 90

Student code

if True:
    a = 1

if False:
    b = 2
else:
    c = 3

for i in range(2):
    d = 4

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 5
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 6
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 7
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 8

# 2 assignments
i = 9
if True:
    i = 9

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("a").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>a</code>? Expected <code>10</code>, but got <code>1</code>.

No error

Example 48¶

No PEC

Solution code

if True:
    a = 10

if False:
    b = 20
else:
    c = 30

for i in range(2):
    d = 40

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 50
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 60
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 70
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 80

# 2 assignments
i = 90
if True:
    i = 90

Student code

if True:
    a = 1

if False:
    b = 2
else:
    c = 3

for i in range(2):
    d = 4

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 5
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 6
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 7
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 8

# 2 assignments
i = 9
if True:
    i = 9

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("c").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>c</code>? Expected <code>30</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

Example 49¶

No PEC

Solution code

if True:
    a = 10

if False:
    b = 20
else:
    c = 30

for i in range(2):
    d = 40

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 50
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 60
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 70
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 80

# 2 assignments
i = 90
if True:
    i = 90

Student code

if True:
    a = 1

if False:
    b = 2
else:
    c = 3

for i in range(2):
    d = 4

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 5
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 6
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 7
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 8

# 2 assignments
i = 9
if True:
    i = 9

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("d").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>d</code>? Expected <code>40</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 50¶

No PEC

Solution code

if True:
    a = 10

if False:
    b = 20
else:
    c = 30

for i in range(2):
    d = 40

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 50
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 60
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 70
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 80

# 2 assignments
i = 90
if True:
    i = 90

Student code

if True:
    a = 1

if False:
    b = 2
else:
    c = 3

for i in range(2):
    d = 4

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 5
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 6
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 7
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 8

# 2 assignments
i = 9
if True:
    i = 9

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("e").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>e</code>? Expected <code>50</code>, but got <code>5</code>.

No error

Example 51¶

No PEC

Solution code

if True:
    a = 10

if False:
    b = 20
else:
    c = 30

for i in range(2):
    d = 40

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 50
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 60
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 70
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 80

# 2 assignments
i = 90
if True:
    i = 90

Student code

if True:
    a = 1

if False:
    b = 2
else:
    c = 3

for i in range(2):
    d = 4

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 5
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 6
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 7
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 8

# 2 assignments
i = 9
if True:
    i = 9

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("f").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>f</code>? Expected <code>60</code>, but got <code>6</code>.

No error

Example 52¶

No PEC

Solution code

if True:
    a = 10

if False:
    b = 20
else:
    c = 30

for i in range(2):
    d = 40

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 50
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 60
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 70
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 80

# 2 assignments
i = 90
if True:
    i = 90

Student code

if True:
    a = 1

if False:
    b = 2
else:
    c = 3

for i in range(2):
    d = 4

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 5
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 6
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 7
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 8

# 2 assignments
i = 9
if True:
    i = 9

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("g").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>g</code>? Expected <code>70</code>, but got <code>7</code>.

No error

Example 53¶

No PEC

Solution code

if True:
    a = 10

if False:
    b = 20
else:
    c = 30

for i in range(2):
    d = 40

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 50
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 60
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 70
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 80

# 2 assignments
i = 90
if True:
    i = 90

Student code

if True:
    a = 1

if False:
    b = 2
else:
    c = 3

for i in range(2):
    d = 4

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 5
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 6
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 7
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 8

# 2 assignments
i = 9
if True:
    i = 9

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("h").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>h</code>? Expected <code>80</code>, but got <code>8</code>.

No error

Example 54¶

No PEC

Solution code

if True:
    a = 10

if False:
    b = 20
else:
    c = 30

for i in range(2):
    d = 40

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 50
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 60
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 70
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 80

# 2 assignments
i = 90
if True:
    i = 90

Student code

if True:
    a = 1

if False:
    b = 2
else:
    c = 3

for i in range(2):
    d = 4

x = 2
while x > 0:
    e = 5
    x -= 1

try:
    f = 6
except:
    pass

try:
    g = 7
except:
    pass
finally:
    h = 8

# 2 assignments
i = 9
if True:
    i = 9

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object("i").has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>i</code>? Expected <code>90</code>, but got <code>9</code>.

No error

Example 55¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
df.columns = ["c", "d"]

df2 = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
df2.columns = ["c", "d"]

Student code

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
df.columns = ["c", "d"]

df2 = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
df2.columns = ["e", "f"]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('df').has_equal_value()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 56¶

No PEC

Solution code

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
df.columns = ["c", "d"]

df2 = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
df2.columns = ["c", "d"]

Student code

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
df.columns = ["c", "d"]

df2 = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
df2.columns = ["e", "f"]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('df2').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>df2</code>? Expected something different.

No error

test_debug.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 123

Student code

x = 123

No output

SCT

success_msg('great')

Result

great

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

# Example, do not modify!
print(5 / 8)

# Put code below here
print(7 + 10)

Student code

# Example, do not modify!
print(5 / 8)

# Put code below here
print(7 + 10)

Student output

0.625
17

SCT

Ex().has_printout(1, not_printed_msg = "__JINJA__:Have you used `{{sol_call}}` to print out the sum of 7 and 10?")
success_msg("Great! On to the next one!")

Result

Great! On to the next one!

No error

test_docs.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 4
if x > 0:
    print("x is strictly positive")

Student code

x = 4
if x > 0:
    print("x is strictly positive")

Student output

x is strictly positive

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi(
        set_env(x = -1).has_equal_value(), # chain A1
        set_env(x =  1).has_equal_value(), # chain A2
        set_env(x =  0).has_equal_value()  # chain A3
    ),
    check_body().check_function('print', 0).check_args('value').has_equal_value() # chain B
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 4
if x > 0:
    print("x is strictly positive")

Student code

x = 4
if 0 < x:
    print("x is strictly positive")

Student output

x is strictly positive

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi(
        set_env(x = -1).has_equal_value(), # chain A1
        set_env(x =  1).has_equal_value(), # chain A2
        set_env(x =  0).has_equal_value()  # chain A3
    ),
    check_body().check_function('print', 0).check_args('value').has_equal_value() # chain B
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = 4
if x > 0:
    print("x is strictly positive")

Student code

x = 4
if x >= 0:
    print("x is strictly positive")

Student output

x is strictly positive

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi(
        set_env(x = -1).has_equal_value(), # chain A1
        set_env(x =  1).has_equal_value(), # chain A2
        set_env(x =  0).has_equal_value()  # chain A3
    ),
    check_body().check_function('print', 0).check_args('value').has_equal_value() # chain B
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>False</code>, but got <code>True</code>.

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for key, value in my_dict.items():
    print(key + " - " + str(value))

Student code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for key, value in my_dict.items():
    print(key + " - " + str(value))

Student output

a - 1
b - 2

SCT

Ex().check_object('my_dict').has_equal_value()
Ex().check_for_loop().multi(
    check_iter().has_equal_value(),
    check_body().multi(
        set_context('a', 1).has_equal_output(),
        set_context('b', 2).has_equal_output()
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for key, value in my_dict.items():
    print(key + " - " + str(value))

Student code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for k, v in my_dict.items():
    print(k + ' - ' + str(v))

Student output

a - 1
b - 2

SCT

Ex().check_object('my_dict').has_equal_value()
Ex().check_for_loop().multi(
    check_iter().has_equal_value(),
    check_body().multi(
        set_context('a', 1).has_equal_output(),
        set_context('b', 2).has_equal_output()
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for key, value in my_dict.items():
    print(key + " - " + str(value))

Student code

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
for first, second in my_dict.items():
    mess = first + ' - ' + str(second)
    print(mess)

Student output

a - 1
b - 2

SCT

Ex().check_object('my_dict').has_equal_value()
Ex().check_for_loop().multi(
    check_iter().has_equal_value(),
    check_body().multi(
        set_context('a', 1).has_equal_output(),
        set_context('b', 2).has_equal_output()
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

Student code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('shout_echo').test_correct(
    multi(
        check_call("f('hey', 3)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi', 2)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi')").has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().set_context('test', 1).multi(
        has_equal_value(name = 'echo_word'),
        has_equal_value(name = 'shout_words')
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

Student code

def shout_echo(w, e=1):
    ew = w * e
    return ew + '!!!'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('shout_echo').test_correct(
    multi(
        check_call("f('hey', 3)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi', 2)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi')").has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().set_context('test', 1).multi(
        has_equal_value(name = 'echo_word'),
        has_equal_value(name = 'shout_words')
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1):
    echo_word = word1 * echo
    shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'
    return shout_words

Student code

def shout_echo(a, b=1):
    return a * b + '!!!'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('shout_echo').test_correct(
    multi(
        check_call("f('hey', 3)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi', 2)").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f('hi')").has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().set_context('test', 1).multi(
        has_equal_value(name = 'echo_word'),
        has_equal_value(name = 'shout_words')
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 10¶

No PEC

Solution code

def counter(lst, key):
    count = 0
    for l in lst:
        count += l[key]
    return count

Student code

def counter(lst, key):
    count = 0
    for l in lst:
        count += l[key]
    return count

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('counter').test_correct(
    multi(
        check_call("f([{'a': 1}], 'a')").has_equal_value(),
        check_call("f([{'b': 1}, {'b': 2}], 'b')").has_equal_value()
    ),
    check_body().set_context([{'a': 1}, {'a': 2}], 'a').set_env(count = 0).check_for_loop().multi(
        check_iter().has_equal_value(),
        check_body().set_context({'a': 1}).has_equal_value(name = 'count')
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

test_has_chosen.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

selected_option = 1

No output

SCT

test_mc(2, ['a', 'b', 'c'])

Result

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

selected_option = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().has_chosen(2, ['a', 'b', 'c'])

Result

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

selected_option = 2

No output

SCT

test_mc(2, ['a', 'b', 'c'])

Result

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

selected_option = 2

No output

SCT

Ex().has_chosen(2, ['a', 'b', 'c'])

Result

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

selected_option = 3

No output

SCT

test_mc(2, ['a', 'b', 'c'])

Result

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

selected_option = 3

No output

SCT

Ex().has_chosen(2, ['a', 'b', 'c'])

Result

No error

test_v2_only.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

test_object('x')

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

Ex().test_object('x')

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

test_function('round')

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

Ex() >> check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

x = check_object('x').has_equal_value(); Ex() >> x

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

Ex() >> check_object('x').has_equal_value()

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_or(check_object('x').has_equal_value(), check_object('x').has_equal_value())

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

Example 10¶

No PEC

Solution code

x = round(5)

Student code

x = round(4)

No output

SCT

x = check_object('x').has_equal_value(); Ex() >> x

Result

Did you correctly define the variable <code>x</code>? Expected <code>5</code>, but got <code>4</code>.

No error

test_check_logic.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1

Student code

a = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_not(has_code('a'), msg = 'x')

Result

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1

Student code

a = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_not(has_code('a'), has_code('b'), msg = 'x')

Result

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1

Student code

a = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_not(has_code('b'), msg = 'x')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1

Student code

a = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_not(has_code('b'), has_code('c'), msg = 'x')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1

Student code

a = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_not(check_object('a').has_equal_value(override=1), msg = 'x')

Result

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 1

Student code

a = 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_not(check_object('a').has_equal_value(override=2), msg = 'x')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_or(has_code('a'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_or(has_code('a'), has_code('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_or(has_code('b'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 10¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_or(has_code('b'), has_code('c'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 11¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(lambda: test_student_typed('a'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 12¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(test_student_typed('a'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 13¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(has_code('a'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 14¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(test_student_typed('a'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 15¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(lambda: test_student_typed('a'), lambda: test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 16¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(test_student_typed('a'), test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 17¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(has_code('a'), has_code('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 18¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(test_student_typed('a'), test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 19¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(lambda: test_student_typed('a'), lambda: test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 20¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(test_student_typed('a'), test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 21¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(has_code('a'), has_code('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 22¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(test_student_typed('a'), test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 23¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(lambda: test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 24¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 25¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(has_code('b'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 26¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 27¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(lambda: test_student_typed('b'), lambda: test_student_typed('c'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 28¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_or(test_student_typed('b'), test_student_typed('c'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 29¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(has_code('b'), has_code('c'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 30¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(test_student_typed('b'), test_student_typed('c'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 31¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'def'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_or(has_code('a', not_typed_msg = 'a'), check_or(has_code('b'), has_code('c')))

Result

No error

Example 32¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'def'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_or(has_code('a', not_typed_msg = 'a'), F().test_or(has_code('b'), has_code('c')))

Result

No error

Example 33¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'def'

No output

SCT

test_or(test_student_typed('a', not_typed_msg = 'a'), test_or(test_student_typed('b'), test_student_typed('c')))

Result

No error

Example 34¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('a'), has_code('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 35¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('a'), has_code('c'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 36¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('b'), has_code('c', not_typed_msg='x'))

Result

No error

Example 37¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('b', not_typed_msg='x'), has_code('a'))

Result

No error

Example 38¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('a'), has_code('b'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 39¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('a'), has_code('c'))

Result

Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 40¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('b'), has_code('c', not_typed_msg='x'))

Result

No error

Example 41¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('b', not_typed_msg='x'), has_code('a'))

Result

No error

Example 42¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_correct(lambda: test_student_typed('a'), lambda: test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 43¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_correct(test_student_typed('a'), test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 44¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(has_code('a'), has_code('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 45¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(test_student_typed('a'), test_student_typed('b'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 46¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_correct(lambda: test_student_typed('a'), lambda: test_student_typed('c'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 47¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_correct(test_student_typed('a'), test_student_typed('c'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 48¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(has_code('a'), has_code('c'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 49¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(test_student_typed('a'), test_student_typed('c'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 50¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_correct(lambda: test_student_typed('b'), lambda: test_student_typed('c', not_typed_msg='x'))

Result

No error

Example 51¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_correct(test_student_typed('b'), test_student_typed('c', not_typed_msg='x'))

Result

No error

Example 52¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(has_code('b'), has_code('c', not_typed_msg='x'))

Result

No error

Example 53¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(test_student_typed('b'), test_student_typed('c', not_typed_msg='x'))

Result

No error

Example 54¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_correct(lambda: test_student_typed('b', not_typed_msg='x'), lambda: test_student_typed('a'))

Result

No error

Example 55¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

test_correct(test_student_typed('b', not_typed_msg='x'), test_student_typed('a'))

Result

No error

Example 56¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(has_code('b', not_typed_msg='x'), has_code('a'))

Result

No error

Example 57¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'a'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(test_student_typed('b', not_typed_msg='x'), test_student_typed('a'))

Result

No error

Example 58¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'def'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_correct(has_code('a'), check_correct(has_code('b'), has_code('c', not_typed_msg = 'c')))

Result

No error

Example 59¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'def'

No output

SCT

Ex().test_correct(has_code('a'), F().test_correct(has_code('b'), has_code('c', not_typed_msg = 'c')))

Result

No error

Example 60¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

'def'

No output

SCT

test_correct(test_student_typed('a'), test_correct(test_student_typed('b'), test_student_typed('c', not_typed_msg = 'c')))

Result

No error

test_test_object_accessed.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6b00027ac8>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr")

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6b00027ac8>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("ar")

Result

Have you accessed <code>ar</code>?

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6b00027ac8>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr", times=2)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6b00027ac8>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr", times=3)

Result

Have you accessed <code>arr</code> at least three times?

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6b000277c8>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr", times=3, not_accessed_msg="silly")

Result

silly

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6aedefaa08>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr.shape")

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6aedefa888>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr.shape", times=2)

Result

Have you accessed <code>arr.shape</code> at least twice?

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6aedefaf48>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr.shape", times=2, not_accessed_msg="silly")

Result

silly

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6aedefa888>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr.dtype")

Result

Have you accessed <code>arr.dtype</code>?

No error

Example 10¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6aedefa888>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("arr.dtype", not_accessed_msg="silly")

Result

silly

No error

Example 11¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6aedefa348>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("math.e")

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 12¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6aedefa348>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("math.pi")

Result

Have you accessed <code>m.pi</code>?

No error

Example 13¶

No PEC

Solution code

# not used

Student code

import numpy as np
import math as m
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
x = arr.shape
print(arr.data)
print(m.e)

Student output

<memory at 0x7f6b00027e88>
2.718281828459045

SCT

test_object_accessed("math.pi", not_accessed_msg="silly")

Result

silly

No error

test_check_if_else.py¶

Example 1¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No student code

No output

SCT

def condition_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = lambda: test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = lambda: test_function('round'))

Result

The system wants to check the first if expression but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 2¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No student code

No output

SCT

condition_test = [
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
]

test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = test_function('round'))

Result

The system wants to check the first if expression but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 3¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

The system wants to check the first if statement but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 4¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 10: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

def condition_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = lambda: test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = lambda: test_function('round'))

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 5¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 10: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

condition_test = [
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
]

test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = test_function('round'))

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 6¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 10: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 7¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 7
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

def condition_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = lambda: test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = lambda: test_function('round'))

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 8¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 7
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

condition_test = [
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
]

test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = test_function('round'))

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 9¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 7
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 10¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x,y = 7,12
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

def condition_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = lambda: test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = lambda: test_function('round'))

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 11¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x,y = 7,12
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

condition_test = [
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
]

test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = test_function('round'))

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 12¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x,y = 7,12
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 13¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = 8

No output

SCT

def condition_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = lambda: test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = lambda: test_function('round'))

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the else part? Did you call <code>round()</code>?

No error

Example 14¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = 8

No output

SCT

condition_test = [
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
]

test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = test_function('round'))

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the else part? Did you call <code>round()</code>?

No error

Example 15¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = 8

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the else part? Did you call <code>round()</code>?

No error

Example 16¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.2121314)

No output

SCT

def condition_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = lambda: test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = lambda: test_function('round'))

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>2.123</code>, but got <code>2.2121314</code>.

No error

Example 17¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.2121314)

No output

SCT

condition_test = [
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
]

test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = test_function('round'))

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>2.123</code>, but got <code>2.2121314</code>.

No error

Example 18¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.2121314)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>2.123</code>, but got <code>2.2121314</code>.

No error

Example 19¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

def condition_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = lambda: test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = lambda: test_function('round'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 20¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

condition_test = [
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
]

test_if_else(index=1,
             test = condition_test,
             body = test_student_typed(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
             orelse = test_function('round'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 21¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
else: x = round(2.123)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7,10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 22¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No student code

No output

SCT

def test_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})

def body_test():
    test_student_typed('5')

def orelse_test():
    def test_test2():
        test_expression_result({"offset": 4})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 5})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
    def body_test2():
        test_student_typed('7')
    def orelse_test2():
        test_function('round')
    test_if_else(index = 1,
                  test = test_test2,
                  body = body_test2,
                  orelse = orelse_test2)

test_if_else(index=1,
             test=test_test,
             body=body_test,
             orelse=orelse_test)

Result

The system wants to check the first if expression but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 23¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No student code

No output

SCT

test_if_else(index=1,
    test=[
        test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
    ],
    body=test_student_typed('5'),
    orelse=test_if_else(index = 1,
        test=[
            test_expression_result({"offset": 4}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 5}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
        ],
        body = test_student_typed('7'),
        orelse = test_function('round')
    )
)

Result

The system wants to check the first if expression but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 24¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_else().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

The system wants to check the first if statement but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 25¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 9: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

def test_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})

def body_test():
    test_student_typed('5')

def orelse_test():
    def test_test2():
        test_expression_result({"offset": 4})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 5})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
    def body_test2():
        test_student_typed('7')
    def orelse_test2():
        test_function('round')
    test_if_else(index = 1,
                  test = test_test2,
                  body = body_test2,
                  orelse = orelse_test2)

test_if_else(index=1,
             test=test_test,
             body=body_test,
             orelse=orelse_test)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 26¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 9: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

test_if_else(index=1,
    test=[
        test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
    ],
    body=test_student_typed('5'),
    orelse=test_if_else(index = 1,
        test=[
            test_expression_result({"offset": 4}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 5}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
        ],
        body = test_student_typed('7'),
        orelse = test_function('round')
    )
)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 27¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 9: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_else().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 28¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 6
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

def test_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})

def body_test():
    test_student_typed('5')

def orelse_test():
    def test_test2():
        test_expression_result({"offset": 4})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 5})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
    def body_test2():
        test_student_typed('7')
    def orelse_test2():
        test_function('round')
    test_if_else(index = 1,
                  test = test_test2,
                  body = body_test2,
                  orelse = orelse_test2)

test_if_else(index=1,
             test=test_test,
             body=body_test,
             orelse=orelse_test)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 29¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 6
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

test_if_else(index=1,
    test=[
        test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
    ],
    body=test_student_typed('5'),
    orelse=test_if_else(index = 1,
        test=[
            test_expression_result({"offset": 4}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 5}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
        ],
        body = test_student_typed('7'),
        orelse = test_function('round')
    )
)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 30¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 6
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_else().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 31¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 6: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

def test_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})

def body_test():
    test_student_typed('5')

def orelse_test():
    def test_test2():
        test_expression_result({"offset": 4})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 5})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
    def body_test2():
        test_student_typed('7')
    def orelse_test2():
        test_function('round')
    test_if_else(index = 1,
                  test = test_test2,
                  body = body_test2,
                  orelse = orelse_test2)

test_if_else(index=1,
             test=test_test,
             body=body_test,
             orelse=orelse_test)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 32¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 6: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

test_if_else(index=1,
    test=[
        test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
    ],
    body=test_student_typed('5'),
    orelse=test_if_else(index = 1,
        test=[
            test_expression_result({"offset": 4}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 5}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
        ],
        body = test_student_typed('7'),
        orelse = test_function('round')
    )
)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 33¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 6: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_else().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 34¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 8
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

def test_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})

def body_test():
    test_student_typed('5')

def orelse_test():
    def test_test2():
        test_expression_result({"offset": 4})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 5})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
    def body_test2():
        test_student_typed('7')
    def orelse_test2():
        test_function('round')
    test_if_else(index = 1,
                  test = test_test2,
                  body = body_test2,
                  orelse = orelse_test2)

test_if_else(index=1,
             test=test_test,
             body=body_test,
             orelse=orelse_test)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 35¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 8
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

test_if_else(index=1,
    test=[
        test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
    ],
    body=test_student_typed('5'),
    orelse=test_if_else(index = 1,
        test=[
            test_expression_result({"offset": 4}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 5}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
        ],
        body = test_student_typed('7'),
        orelse = test_function('round')
    )
)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 36¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 8
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_else().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check the first if statement. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 37¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(10)

No output

SCT

def test_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})

def body_test():
    test_student_typed('5')

def orelse_test():
    def test_test2():
        test_expression_result({"offset": 4})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 5})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
    def body_test2():
        test_student_typed('7')
    def orelse_test2():
        test_function('round')
    test_if_else(index = 1,
                  test = test_test2,
                  body = body_test2,
                  orelse = orelse_test2)

test_if_else(index=1,
             test=test_test,
             body=body_test,
             orelse=orelse_test)

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>9</code>, but got <code>10</code>.

No error

Example 38¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(10)

No output

SCT

test_if_else(index=1,
    test=[
        test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
    ],
    body=test_student_typed('5'),
    orelse=test_if_else(index = 1,
        test=[
            test_expression_result({"offset": 4}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 5}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
        ],
        body = test_student_typed('7'),
        orelse = test_function('round')
    )
)

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>9</code>, but got <code>10</code>.

No error

Example 39¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(10)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_else().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>9</code>, but got <code>10</code>.

No error

Example 40¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

def test_test():
    test_expression_result({"offset": 7})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 8})
    test_expression_result({"offset": 9})

def body_test():
    test_student_typed('5')

def orelse_test():
    def test_test2():
        test_expression_result({"offset": 4})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 5})
        test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
    def body_test2():
        test_student_typed('7')
    def orelse_test2():
        test_function('round')
    test_if_else(index = 1,
                  test = test_test2,
                  body = body_test2,
                  orelse = orelse_test2)

test_if_else(index=1,
             test=test_test,
             body=body_test,
             orelse=orelse_test)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 41¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

test_if_else(index=1,
    test=[
        test_expression_result({"offset": 7}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 8}),
        test_expression_result({"offset": 9})
    ],
    body=test_student_typed('5'),
    orelse=test_if_else(index = 1,
        test=[
            test_expression_result({"offset": 4}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 5}),
            test_expression_result({"offset": 6})
        ],
        body = test_student_typed('7'),
        orelse = test_function('round')
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 42¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

Student code

if offset > 8: x = 5
elif offset > 5: x = 7
else: x = round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_else().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code(r'x\s*=\s*5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_else().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 43¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code('5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_exp().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

The system wants to check the first if expression but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 44¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

Student code

x = 5 if offset > 9 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code('5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_exp().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 45¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

Student code

x = 6 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code('5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_exp().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 46¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

Student code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 6 else round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code('5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_exp().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected <code>True</code>, but got <code>False</code>.

No error

Example 47¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

Student code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 8 if offset > 5 else round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code('5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_exp().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check the first if expression. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 48¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

Student code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(10)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code('5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_exp().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>9</code>, but got <code>10</code>.

No error

Example 49¶

PEC

offset = 8

Solution code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

Student code

x = 5 if offset > 8 else 7 if offset > 5 else round(9)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp().multi(
    check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(7, 10) ]),
    check_body().has_code('5'),
    check_orelse().check_if_exp().multi(
        check_test().multi([ set_env(offset = i).has_equal_value() for i in range(4, 7) ]),
        check_body().has_code('7'),
        check_orelse().check_function('round').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
    )
)

Result

Great work!

No error

test_check_function.py¶

Example 1¶

PEC

def my_fun(a, b): pass

Solution code

my_fun(1, 2)

Student code

my_fun(x = 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('my_fun')

Result

Have you specified the arguments for <code>my_fun()</code> using the right syntax?

Error

my_fun() got an unexpected keyword argument 'x'

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_func(a): return my_func_in_return(b)

Student code

def my_func(a): return my_func_in_return(b)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('my_func').check_body().check_function('my_func_in_return', signature=False)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

0 < len([])

Student code

0 < len([])

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('len')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

len([]) < 3

Student code

len([]) < 3

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('len')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

0 < len([]) < 3

Student code

0 < len([]) < 3

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('len')

Result

Great work!

No error

test_spec.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

Student code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

No output

SCT

list_comp = F().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(ii=2).has_equal_value('unequal')
Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(aa=2).multi(list_comp)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

Student code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

No output

SCT

list_comp = check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(ii=2).has_equal_value('unequal')
Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(aa=2).multi(list_comp)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

Student code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

No output

SCT

# funky, but we're testing nested check functions!
multi_test = multi(check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(aa=2).has_equal_value('badbody'))
Ex().multi(multi_test)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

Student code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

No output

SCT

list_comp = F().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(ii=2).has_equal_value('unequal')
Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(aa=2).multi(list_comp)
Ex().check_list_comp(1).check_body().set_context(bb=4).multi(list_comp)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

Student code

[[ii+1 for ii in range(aa)] for aa in range(2)]
[[ii*2 for ii in range(bb)] for bb in range(1,3)]

No output

SCT

eq_test = F().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(1).has_equal_value
Ex().multi(eq_test('unequal'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

Student code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

No output

SCT

te = test_expression_result(extra_env={'aa':2}, incorrect_msg='unequal')
Ex().multi(test_list_comp(body=te))                                                        # spec 1 inside multi
Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().multi(te)                                             # half of each spec
Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(aa=2).has_equal_value('unequal')          # full spec 2
test_list_comp(body=te)                                                                    # full spec 1

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

Student code

for aa in range(3): aa

No output

SCT

test_list_comp(body=test_expression_result(expr_code = 'aa', incorrect_msg='unequal'))
Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().multi(test_expression_result(incorrect_msg='unequal'))
Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().has_equal_value('unequal')

Result

The system wants to check the first list comprehension but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

Student code

[aa for aa in range(2)]

No output

SCT

Ex().test_list_comp(body=test_expression_result(extra_env={'aa': 2}, incorrect_msg = 'spec1'))
Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(aa=2).has_equal_value('spec2')

Result

spec1

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

Solution code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

Student code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

No output

SCT

test_body = F().check_body().set_context(aa=2).has_equal_value('wrong')
Ex().check_list_comp(0).multi(F().multi(test_body))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 10¶

No PEC

Solution code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

Student code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

No output

SCT

test_body = F().check_list_comp(0).check_body().set_context(aa=2).has_equal_value('wrong')
Ex().check_list_comp(0).multi(F().check_body().set_context(aa=2).has_equal_value('wrong'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 11¶

No PEC

Solution code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

Student code

[aa+1 for aa in range(2)]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body()        .multi(set_context(aa=i).has_equal_value('wrong') for i in range(2))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 12¶

No PEC

No solution code

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().fail()

Result

fail

No error

Example 13¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(a = 'a')    .keys()

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 14¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(A = 'a').keys(somearg = 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_ast()

Result

Expected <code>dict(a = "a").keys()</code>, but got <code>dict(A = 'a').keys(somearg = 2)</code>.

No error

Example 15¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(a = 'a')    .keys()

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('dict', 0, signature=False).has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 16¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(A = 'a').keys(somearg = 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('dict', 0, signature=False).has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>dict()</code>. Expected <code>dict(a = "a")</code>, but got <code>dict(A = 'a')</code>.

No error

Example 17¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(a = 'a')    .keys()

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_ast(code = 'dict(a = "a").keys()', incorrect_msg = 'icr')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 18¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(A = 'a').keys(somearg = 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_ast(code = 'dict(a = "a").keys()', incorrect_msg = 'icr')

Result

icr

No error

Example 19¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(a = 'a').keys()
print('extra')

Student output

extra

SCT

Ex().has_equal_ast(exact=False)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 20¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(A = 'a').keys(somearg = 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_ast(exact=False)

Result

Expected <code>dict(a = "a").keys()</code>, but got <code>dict(A = 'a').keys(somearg = 2)</code>.

No error

Example 21¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(a = 'a')    .keys()

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_ast(code = 'dict(a = "a")', exact=False, incorrect_msg = 'icr')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 22¶

No PEC

Solution code

dict(a = "a").keys()

Student code

dict(A = 'a').keys(somearg = 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().has_equal_ast(code = 'dict(a = "a")', exact=False, incorrect_msg = 'icr')

Result

icr

No error

Example 23¶

No PEC

Solution code

1 if False else 2

Student code

1 if False else 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp(0).override("""1 if False else 2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 24¶

No PEC

Solution code

1 if False else 2

Student code

1 if False else 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp(0).override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Check the first if expression. Expected `<code>, but got</code>1 if False else 2`.

No error

Example 25¶

No PEC

Solution code

1 if False else 2

Student code

1 if False else 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp(0).check_body().override("""1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 26¶

No PEC

Solution code

1 if False else 2

Student code

1 if False else 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp(0).check_body().override("""1 if False else 2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the body? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1`.

No error

Example 27¶

No PEC

Solution code

1 if False else 2

Student code

1 if False else 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp(0).check_test().override("""False""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 28¶

No PEC

Solution code

1 if False else 2

Student code

1 if False else 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp(0).check_test().override("""1 if False else 2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected `<code>, but got</code>False`.

No error

Example 29¶

No PEC

Solution code

1 if False else 2

Student code

1 if False else 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp(0).check_orelse().override("""2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 30¶

No PEC

Solution code

1 if False else 2

Student code

1 if False else 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_if_exp(0).check_orelse().override("""1 if False else 2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the else part? Expected `<code>, but got</code>2`.

No error

Example 31¶

No PEC

Solution code

[1 for i in range(3)]

Student code

[1 for i in range(3)]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).override("""[1 for i in range(3)]""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 32¶

No PEC

Solution code

[1 for i in range(3)]

Student code

[1 for i in range(3)]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Check the first list comprehension. Expected `<code>, but got</code>[1 for i in range(3)]`.

No error

Example 33¶

No PEC

Solution code

[1 for i in range(3)]

Student code

[1 for i in range(3)]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().override("""1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 34¶

No PEC

Solution code

[1 for i in range(3)]

Student code

[1 for i in range(3)]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_body().override("""[1 for i in range(3)]""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the body? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1`.

No error

Example 35¶

No PEC

Solution code

[1 for i in range(3)]

Student code

[1 for i in range(3)]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_iter().override("""range(3)""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 36¶

No PEC

Solution code

[1 for i in range(3)]

Student code

[1 for i in range(3)]

No output

SCT

Ex().check_list_comp(0).check_iter().override("""[1 for i in range(3)]""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the iterable part? Expected `<code>, but got</code>range(3)`.

No error

Example 37¶

No PEC

Solution code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

Student code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp(0).override("""{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 38¶

No PEC

Solution code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

Student code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp(0).override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Check the first dictionary comprehension. Expected `<code>, but got</code>{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }`.

No error

Example 39¶

No PEC

Solution code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

Student code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp(0).check_key().override("""3""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 40¶

No PEC

Solution code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

Student code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp(0).check_key().override("""{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the key part? Expected `<code>, but got</code>3`.

No error

Example 41¶

No PEC

Solution code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

Student code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp(0).check_value().override("""4""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 42¶

No PEC

Solution code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

Student code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp(0).check_value().override("""{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the value part? Expected `<code>, but got</code>4`.

No error

Example 43¶

No PEC

Solution code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

Student code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp(0).check_iter().override("""range(3)""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 44¶

No PEC

Solution code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

Student code

{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }

No output

SCT

Ex().check_dict_comp(0).check_iter().override("""{ 3: 4  for i in range(3) }""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the iterable part? Expected `<code>, but got</code>range(3)`.

No error

Example 45¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): 1

Student code

for i in range(3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop(0).override("""for i in range(3): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 46¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): 1

Student code

for i in range(3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop(0).override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Check the first for loop. Expected `<code>, but got</code>for i in range(3): 1`.

No error

Example 47¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): 1

Student code

for i in range(3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop(0).check_iter().override("""range(3)""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 48¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): 1

Student code

for i in range(3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop(0).check_iter().override("""for i in range(3): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the iterable part? Expected `<code>, but got</code>range(3)`.

No error

Example 49¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): 1

Student code

for i in range(3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop(0).check_body().override("""1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 50¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): 1

Student code

for i in range(3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop(0).check_body().override("""for i in range(3): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the body? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1`.

No error

Example 51¶

No PEC

Solution code

while False: 1

Student code

while False: 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while(0).override("""while False: 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 52¶

No PEC

Solution code

while False: 1

Student code

while False: 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while(0).override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Check the first <code>while</code> loop. Expected `<code>, but got</code>while False: 1`.

No error

Example 53¶

No PEC

Solution code

while False: 1

Student code

while False: 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while(0).check_test().override("""False""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 54¶

No PEC

Solution code

while False: 1

Student code

while False: 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while(0).check_test().override("""while False: 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the condition? Expected `<code>, but got</code>False`.

No error

Example 55¶

No PEC

Solution code

while False: 1

Student code

while False: 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while(0).check_body().override("""1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 56¶

No PEC

Solution code

while False: 1

Student code

while False: 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while(0).check_body().override("""while False: 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the body? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1`.

No error

Example 57¶

No PEC

Solution code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

Student code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except(0).override("""try: 1
except: pass
else: 2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 58¶

No PEC

Solution code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

Student code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except(0).override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

<p>Check the first try statement. Expected `<code>, but got</code>try: 1
except: pass
else: 2`.</p>

No error

Example 59¶

No PEC

Solution code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

Student code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except(0).check_body().override("""1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 60¶

No PEC

Solution code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

Student code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except(0).check_body().override("""try: 1
except: pass
else: 2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the body? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1`.

No error

Example 61¶

No PEC

Solution code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

Student code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except(0).check_orelse().override("""2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 62¶

No PEC

Solution code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

Student code

try: 1
except: pass
else: 2

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except(0).check_orelse().override("""try: 1
except: pass
else: 2""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the else part? Expected `<code>, but got</code>2`.

No error

Example 63¶

No PEC

Solution code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

Student code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_lambda_function(0).override("""lambda a=(1,2,3): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 64¶

No PEC

Solution code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

Student code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_lambda_function(0).override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Check the first lambda function. Expected `<code>, but got</code>lambda a=(1,2,3): 1`.

No error

Example 65¶

No PEC

Solution code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

Student code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_lambda_function(0).check_args(0).override("""(1,2,3)""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 66¶

No PEC

Solution code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

Student code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_lambda_function(0).check_args(0).override("""lambda a=(1,2,3): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1,2,3`.

No error

Example 67¶

No PEC

Solution code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

Student code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_lambda_function(0).check_body().override("""1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 68¶

No PEC

Solution code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

Student code

lambda a=(1,2,3): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_lambda_function(0).check_body().override("""lambda a=(1,2,3): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the body? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1`.

No error

Example 69¶

No PEC

Solution code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

Student code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('sum').override("""def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 70¶

No PEC

Solution code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

Student code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('sum').override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Check the definition of <code>sum()</code>. Expected `<code>, but got</code>def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1`.

No error

Example 71¶

No PEC

Solution code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

Student code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('sum').check_args(0).override("""(1,2,3)""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 72¶

No PEC

Solution code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

Student code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('sum').check_args(0).override("""def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1,2,3`.

No error

Example 73¶

No PEC

Solution code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

Student code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('sum').check_body().override("""1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 74¶

No PEC

Solution code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

Student code

def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('sum').check_body().override("""def sum(a=(1,2,3)): 1""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the body? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1`.

No error

Example 75¶

No PEC

Solution code

sum((1,2,3))

Student code

sum((1,2,3))

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('sum', 0).override("""sum((1,2,3))""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 76¶

No PEC

Solution code

sum((1,2,3))

Student code

sum((1,2,3))

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('sum', 0).override("""'WRONG ANSWER'""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Check your call of <code>sum()</code>. Expected `<code>, but got</code>sum((1,2,3))`.

No error

Example 77¶

No PEC

Solution code

sum((1,2,3))

Student code

sum((1,2,3))

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('sum', 0).check_args(0).override("""(1,2,3)""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 78¶

No PEC

Solution code

sum((1,2,3))

Student code

sum((1,2,3))

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function('sum', 0).check_args(0).override("""sum((1,2,3))""").has_equal_ast()

Result

Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected `<code>, but got</code>1,2,3`.

No error

test_test_compound_statement.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

No student code

No output

SCT

test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

The system wants to check the first for loop but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

The system wants to check the first for loop but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().multi(check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().has_equal_output())

Result

The system wants to check the first for loop but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(4): pass

No output

SCT

test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the sequence part? Expected <code>range(0, 3)</code>, but got <code>range(0, 4)</code>.

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(4): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

Expected something different.

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(4): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().multi(check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().has_equal_output())

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the iterable part? Expected <code>range(0, 3)</code>, but got <code>range(0, 4)</code>.

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(3): pass

No output

SCT

test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected the output <code>2</code>, but got <code>no printouts</code>.

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(3): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

Expected something different.

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(3): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().multi(check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().has_equal_output())

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Expected the output <code>2</code>, but got <code>no printouts</code>.

No error

Example 10¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student output

0
1
2

SCT

test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 11¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student output

0
1
2

SCT

Ex().test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 12¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student output

0
1
2

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().multi(check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().has_equal_output())

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 13¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for j in range(3): print(j)

Student output

0
1
2

SCT

test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 14¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for j in range(3): print(j)

Student output

0
1
2

SCT

Ex().test_for_loop(for_iter=lambda: test_expression_result(), body=lambda: test_expression_output())

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 15¶

No PEC

Solution code

for i in range(3): print(i)

Student code

for j in range(3): print(j)

Student output

0
1
2

SCT

Ex().check_for_loop().multi(check_iter().has_equal_value(), check_body().has_equal_output())

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 16¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

No student code

No output

SCT

test_while_loop(test = lambda: test_student_typed('3'), body = lambda: test_student_typed('print'))

Result

The system wants to check the first while loop but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 17¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().test_while_loop(test = test_student_typed('3'), body = test_student_typed('print'))

Result

The system wants to check the first while loop but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 18¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while().multi(check_test().has_code('3'), check_body().has_code('print'))

Result

The system wants to check the first <code>while</code> loop but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 19¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while False: pass

No output

SCT

test_while_loop(test = lambda: test_student_typed('3'), body = lambda: test_student_typed('print'))

Result

Check the first while loop. Did you correctly specify the condition? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 20¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while False: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().test_while_loop(test = test_student_typed('3'), body = test_student_typed('print'))

Result

Check the first while loop. Did you correctly specify the condition? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 21¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while False: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while().multi(check_test().has_code('3'), check_body().has_code('print'))

Result

Check the first <code>while</code> loop. Did you correctly specify the condition? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 22¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while 3 > 4: pass

No output

SCT

test_while_loop(test = lambda: test_student_typed('3'), body = lambda: test_student_typed('print'))

Result

Check the first while loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 23¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while 3 > 4: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().test_while_loop(test = test_student_typed('3'), body = test_student_typed('print'))

Result

Check the first while loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 24¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while 3 > 4: pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while().multi(check_test().has_code('3'), check_body().has_code('print'))

Result

Check the first <code>while</code> loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Could not find the correct pattern in your code.

No error

Example 25¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

No output

SCT

test_while_loop(test = lambda: test_student_typed('3'), body = lambda: test_student_typed('print'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 26¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

No output

SCT

Ex().test_while_loop(test = test_student_typed('3'), body = test_student_typed('print'))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 27¶

No PEC

Solution code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

Student code

while 3 > 4: print(2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_while().multi(check_test().has_code('3'), check_body().has_code('print'))

Result

Great work!

No error

test_check_function_def.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout(word): print(word + '!!')

Student code

def shout(word): print(word + '!!')

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('shout').check_body().set_context('test').has_equal_output()

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout(word): print(word + '!!')

Student code

def shout(word): print(word + '!!')

No output

SCT

test_function_definition('shout', body = lambda: test_expression_output(context_vals = ['help']))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

def shout(word): print(word + '!!')

Student code

def shout(word): print(word + '!!')

No output

SCT

test_function_definition('shout', body = test_expression_output(context_vals = ['help']))

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(*x, **y): pass

Student code

def my_fun(*x, **y): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('my_fun').multi(
    check_args('*args').has_equal_part('name', msg='x'),
    check_args('**kwargs').has_equal_part('name', msg='x')
)

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(*x, **y): pass

Student code

def my_fun(*x, **y): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('my_fun')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

def f(a, b): pass

Student code

def f(): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('f').has_equal_part_len('args', unequal_msg='wrong')

Result

Check the definition of <code>f()</code>. wrong

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

def f(a, b): pass

Student code

def f(): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('f')

Result

Check the definition of <code>f()</code>. You should define  with 2 arguments, instead got 0.

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

def f(a, b): pass

Student code

def f(a): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('f').has_equal_part_len('args', unequal_msg='wrong')

Result

Check the definition of <code>f()</code>. wrong

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

Solution code

def f(a, b): pass

Student code

def f(a): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('f')

Result

Check the definition of <code>f()</code>. You should define  with 2 arguments, instead got 1.

No error

Example 10¶

No PEC

Solution code

def f(a, b): pass

Student code

def f(a, b): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function_def('f').has_equal_part_len('args', unequal_msg='wrong')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 11¶

No PEC

Solution code

def f(a, b): pass

Student code

def f(a, b): pass

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('f')

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 12¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

Student code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('my_fun', results=[[1]])

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 13¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

Student code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('my_fun', results=[(1,)])

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 14¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

Student code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('my_fun', outputs=[[1]])

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 15¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

Student code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('my_fun', outputs=[(1,)])

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 16¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

Student code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('my_fun', errors=[['1']])

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 17¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

Student code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('my_fun', errors=[('1',)])

Result

Great work!

No error

Example 18¶

No PEC

Solution code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

Student code

def my_fun(a):
  print(a + 2)
  return a + 2

No output

SCT

Ex().test_function_definition('my_fun', errors=['1'])

Result

Great work!

No error

test_check_try_except.py¶

Example 1¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

No student code

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

The system wants to check the first try statement but hasn't found it.

No error

Example 2¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerrors'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Did you correctly specify the <code>TypeError</code> <code>except</code> block? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>x</code>?

No error

Example 3¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Are you sure you defined the <code>ValueError</code> <code>except</code> block?

No error

Example 4¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerrors'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Did you correctly specify the <code>ValueError</code> <code>except</code> block? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>x</code>?

No error

Example 5¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Are you sure you defined the <code>ZeroDivisionError</code> <code>except</code> block?

No error

Example 6¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    x = 'test'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Did you correctly specify the <code>ZeroDivisionError</code> <code>except</code> block? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>x</code>?

No error

Example 7¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    x = e

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Are you sure you defined the <code>IOError</code> <code>except</code> block?

No error

Example 8¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = 'test'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Did you correctly specify the <code>ZeroDivisionError</code> <code>except</code> block? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>x</code>?

No error

Example 9¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Are you sure you defined the <code>CParserError</code> <code>except</code> block?

No error

Example 10¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError as e:
    x = 'CParserError'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Are you sure you defined the <code>all</code> <code>except</code> block?

No error

Example 11¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError as e:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerrors'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Did you correctly specify the <code>all</code> <code>except</code> block? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>x</code>?

No error

Example 12¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError as e:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Are you sure you defined the else part?

No error

Example 13¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError as e:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = False

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Did you correctly specify the else part? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>passed</code>?

No error

Example 14¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError as e:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True

No output

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check the first try statement. Are you sure you defined the finally part?

No error

Example 15¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError as e:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('donessss')

Student output

donessss

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Check your call of <code>print()</code>. Did you correctly specify the first argument? Expected <code>done</code>, but got <code>donessss</code>.

No error

Example 16¶

PEC

import numpy as np

Solution code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student code

try:
    x = max([1, 2, 'a'])
except TypeError as e:
    x = 'typeerror'
except __builtin__.ValueError:
    x = 'valueerror'
except (ZeroDivisionError, IOError) as e:
    x = e
except pd.io.common.CParserError:
    x = 'CParserError'
except :
    x = 'someerror'
else :
    passed = True
finally:
    print('done')

Student output

done

SCT

Ex().check_try_except().multi(
    check_body().check_function('max', signature = False).check_args(0).has_equal_value(),
    check_handlers('TypeError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ValueError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('ZeroDivisionError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('IOError').set_context(e = 'anerror').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('CParserError').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_handlers('all').has_equal_value(name = 'x'),
    check_orelse().has_equal_value(name = 'passed'),
    check_finalbody().check_function('print').check_args(0).has_equal_value()
)

Result

Great work!

No error

test_has_no_error.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

No output

SCT

Ex().has_no_error()

Result

Have a look at the console: your code contains an error. Fix it and try again!

Error

name 'c' is not defined

Example 2¶

No PEC

No solution code

Student code

a = 3

No output

SCT

Ex().has_no_error()

Result

Great work!

No error

test_highlighting.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(2.345, 2)

Student code

round(1.234, 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args("number").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>2.345</code>, but got <code>1.234</code>.

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(2.345, 2)

Student code

round(1.234, 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().disable_highlighting().check_function("round").check_args("number").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>2.345</code>, but got <code>1.234</code>.

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(2.345, 2)

Student code

round(1.234, 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").disable_highlighting().check_args("number").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>2.345</code>, but got <code>1.234</code>.

No error

Example 4¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(2.345, 2)

Student code

round(1.234, 2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round").check_args("number").disable_highlighting().has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>2.345</code>, but got <code>1.234</code>.

No error

Example 5¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)

Student code

round(1)
round(3)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round", index=0).check_args("number").has_equal_value()
Ex().check_function("round", index=1).check_args("number").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your second call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>2</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

Example 6¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)

Student code

round(3)
round(2)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round", index=0).check_args("number").has_equal_value()
Ex().check_function("round", index=1).check_args("number").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>1</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

Example 7¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)

Student code

round(3)
round(1)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round", index=0).check_args("number").has_equal_value()
Ex().check_function("round", index=1).check_args("number").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>1</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

Example 8¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)

Student code

round(2)
round(3)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round", index=0).check_args("number").has_equal_value()
Ex().check_function("round", index=1).check_args("number").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>1</code>, but got <code>2</code>.

No error

Example 9¶

No PEC

Solution code

round(1)
round(2)

Student code

round(1)
round(3)

No output

SCT

Ex().check_function("round", index=1).check_args("number").has_equal_value()

Result

Check your second call of <code>round()</code>. Did you correctly specify the argument <code>number</code>? Expected <code>2</code>, but got <code>3</code>.

No error

test_has_expr.py¶

Example 1¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 0
for i in range(0): a = a + 1

Student code

a = 0
for i in range(0): pass

No output

SCT

test_for_loop(body = test_object_after_expression('a'))

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>a</code>?

No error

Example 2¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 0
for i in range(0): a = a + 1

Student code

a = 0
for i in range(0): a = a - 1

No output

SCT

test_for_loop(body = test_object_after_expression('a'))

Result

Check the first for loop. Did you correctly specify the body? Are you sure you assigned the correct value to <code>a</code>?

No error

Example 3¶

No PEC

Solution code

a = 0
for i in range(0): a = a + 1

Student code

a = 0
for i in range(0): a = a + 1

No output

SCT

test_for_loop(body = test_object_after_expression('a'))

Result

Great work!

No error

For details, questions and suggestions, contact us.

pythonwhat¶

Glossary¶

Check object¶

Check function call¶

Check pandas chain (1)¶

Check pandas chain (2)¶

Check pandas plotting¶

Check object created through function call¶

Check DataFrame¶

Check printout¶

Check output¶

Check Multiple Choice¶

Check import¶

Check if statement¶

Check function definition¶

Check list comprehensions¶

Reference¶

Objects¶

Function calls¶

Output¶

Code¶

has_equal_x¶

Combining SCTs¶

Function/Class/Lambda definitions¶

Control flow¶

Loops¶

State management¶

Checking files¶

Bash history checks¶

Electives¶

Tutorial¶

Example 1: output¶

Example 2: function call¶

Example 3: if statement¶

Case 1¶

Case 2¶

What is good feedback?¶

Checking function calls¶

Basic functionality¶

Customizations¶

Functions in packages¶

has_equal_value? has_equal_ast?¶

Signatures¶

*args example¶

**kwargs example¶

Manual signatures¶

Multiple function calls¶

Methods¶

Make your SCT robust¶

check_correct()¶

Multiple functions in diagnose and check¶

Why use check_correct()¶

check_or()¶

Checking through string matching¶

has_code¶

has_equal_ast¶

Checking compound statements¶

Inner workings¶

Crazy combo, example 1¶

Overview of all supported compound statements¶

Expression tests¶

has_equal syntax¶

Basic Usage¶

Running the whole code submission¶

Running part of the code¶

Context Values¶

How are context values matched?¶

Context values for nested parts¶

pre_code: fixing mutations¶

extra_env¶

expr_code: change expression¶

func: Override the equality function¶

Processes¶

Problem¶

Solution¶

Hardcoded converters¶

Customize equality¶

SingleProcessExercise¶

Introduction¶

Why does this exercise type exist?¶

`*args` example¶

`**kwargs` example¶

`check_correct()`¶

Multiple functions in `diagnose` and check¶

`check_or()`¶

`has_equal` syntax¶

`pre_code`: fixing mutations¶

`extra_env`¶

`expr_code`: change expression¶

`func`: Override the equality function¶

`test_student_typed`¶

`test_object`¶

`test_function`¶

`test_function_v2`¶

`test_correct`¶